front 1 Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? | back 1 osseous tissue |
front 2 The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue. | back 2 epithelial |
front 3 Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except | back 3 extracellular matrix. |
front 4 The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the | back 4 gap junction. |
front 5 Functions of epithelia include all of the following except | back 5 supporting muscle cells. |
front 6 Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface. | back 6 microvilli |
front 7 A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n) | back 7 tight junction. |
front 8 Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called | back 8 desmosomes |
front 9 Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for | back 9 secretion |
front 10 Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by | back 10 a basement membrane. |
front 11 Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach? | back 11 simple columnar epithelium |
front 12 A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from connective tissues into epithelia is the | back 12 clear layer. |
front 13 Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as | back 13 neuroepithelia |
front 14 Germinative cells | back 14 divide continually to produce new epithelial cells. |
front 15 In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant? | back 15 desmosomes |
front 16 Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of | back 16 epithelium |
front 17 Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue. | back 17 epithelial |
front 18 Transitional epithelium is found | back 18 lining the urinary bladder. |
front 19 The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium. | back 19 simple squamous |
front 20 You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the | back 20 trachea |
front 21 Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? | back 21 They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. |
front 22 Cells that are flat and thin are classified as | back 22 squamous |
front 23 Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the | back 23 heart and blood vessels. |
front 24 The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as | back 24 simple squamous. |
front 25 Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________. | back 25 enzymes; hormones |
front 26 The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are | back 26 simple and stratified. |
front 27 The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is ________ epithelium. | back 27 simple squamous |
front 28 The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is | back 28 absorption and secretion. |
front 29 The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces, often for diagnostic purposes, is termed | back 29 exfoliative cytology. |
front 30 The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes | back 30 exfoliative cytology. |
front 31 Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands. | back 31 endocrine |
front 32 Cells that are specialized for secretion | back 32 exhibit polarity. |
front 33 Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion. | back 33 merocrine |
front 34 Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands. | back 34 holocrine |
front 35 The pancreas produces ________ secretions. | back 35 exocrine and endocrine |
front 36 Unicellular exocrine glands secrete | back 36 mucus |
front 37 A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called | back 37 simple alveolar. |
front 38 Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"? areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrocartilage, dense irregular connective tissue | back 38 1, 2, and 4 |
front 39 Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue? | back 39 fibroblast |
front 40 Blood is which type of tissue? | back 40 connective |
front 41 The viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the | back 41 ground substance. |
front 42 Cells that store fat are called | back 42 adipocytes |
front 43 The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue. | back 43 reticular connective |
front 44 The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is | back 44 collagen |
front 45 Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except | back 45 areolar tissue. |
front 46 The three categories of connective tissues are | back 46 connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue. |
front 47 Two classes of macrophages include | back 47 fixed macrophages and free macrophages. |
front 48 Two types of microphages include | back 48 neutrophils and eosinophils. |
front 49 Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are | back 49 dense irregular connective tissues. |
front 50 What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood? | back 50 erythrocyte |
front 51 Wharton's jelly is a form of | back 51 fibroblasts |
front 52 ________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another. | back 52 Tendons; ligaments |
front 53 The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are | back 53 collagen, reticular, and elastic. |
front 54 The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat | back 54 is highly vascular. |
front 55 Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are | back 55 macrophages |
front 56 Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except | back 56 providing strong connections between muscles and bones. |
front 57 Antibodies are produced by | back 57 plasma cells. |
front 58 Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are | back 58 mesenchymal cells. |
front 59 The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage. | back 59 hyaline |
front 60 Osseous tissue is also called | back 60 bone |
front 61 Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of | back 61 cartilage |
front 62 Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum? | back 62 hyaline cartilage |
front 63 Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen? | back 63 fibroblasts |
front 64 A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is | back 64 cartilage |
front 65 Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous | back 65 perichondrium |
front 66 Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to | back 66 bone |
front 67 Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue? | back 67 supporting connective tissue |
front 68 Unlike cartilage, bone | back 68 is highly vascular. |
front 69 Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? | back 69 mucous |
front 70 The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of | back 70 serous membranes. |
front 71 The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the | back 71 peritoneum. |
front 72 The term transudate describes fluid associated with | back 72 serous membranes. |
front 73 Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the | back 73 superficial fascia between skin and muscle. |
front 74 The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the | back 74 superficial fascia. |
front 75 Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon? | back 75 deep fascia |
front 76 Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue. | back 76 muscle |
front 77 Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle. | back 77 skeletal |
front 78 Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue. | back 78 cardiac muscle |
front 79 The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle. | back 79 smooth |
front 80 Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. | back 80 neural |
front 81 All of the following are true of neurons except that | back 81 they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. |
front 82 During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury? | back 82 cold, pale skin |
front 83 The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called | back 83 fibrosis |
front 84 Tissue changes with age include all of the following except | back 84 proliferation of epidermal cells. |
front 85 The study of tissues is called | back 85 histology |
front 86 An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the basal surface. | back 86 apical |
front 87 ________ are proteins that connect adjacent cells at a gap junction. | back 87 Connexins |
front 88 The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as | back 88 mesothelium. |
front 89 Gland cells produce | back 89 secretions |
front 90 Which of the following glands have a compound rather than a simple structure? | back 90 salivary glands |
front 91 The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells. | back 91 apocrine |
front 92 The viscous component of connective tissue is called | back 92 ground substance. |
front 93 The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as | back 93 matrix |
front 94 The watery fluid component of blood is called | back 94 plasma |
front 95 In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine. | back 95 mast |
front 96 The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and | back 96 lymph |
front 97 Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called | back 97 lymph |
front 98 The three kinds of formed elements in blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and | back 98 platelets |
front 99 Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. These cells are termed ________, while these proteins are called antibodies. | back 99 plasma cells |
front 100 Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or | back 100 leukocytes |
front 101 Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels. | back 101 chondrocytes |
front 102 A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected? | back 102 fibrous |
front 103 Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________ growth. | back 103 interstitial |
front 104 In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter. | back 104 appositional |
front 105 Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body. | back 105 body membranes |
front 106 The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the | back 106 lamina propria. |
front 107 Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as a result of liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or heart failure is known as | back 107 ascites |
front 108 The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another. | back 108 neurons |
front 109 ________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells. | back 109 Neuroglia |
front 110 The body's first tissue response to any injury is | back 110 inflammation |