_______are the fungi that are associated with plant roots and send haustoria to form an intimate contact with the cells of the plant root.

endomycorrhizae

Fungi are in which major clade of eukaryotes?

Unikonta

The conspicuous mushroom reproductive structure of a basidiomycete is heterokaryotic, but officially it is_____.

Haploid

According to the very recent report published in Science, a lichen is a symbiotic association between a photosynthesizing organism ( a cyanobacterium and/or a green alga) and ______.

Ascomycota & Basidiomycota

Which of the following is NOT a synapomorphy supporting animal monophyly?

a. extracellular matrix of collagen, proteoglycan, adhesive glycoprotein, and integrin

b. intercellular junctions including tight junctions , adherent junctions and desmosomes

c. development with a blastula

d. cells organized into tissues

Despite the presence of pinacoderm, the ____ officially lack true tissues and so sometimes are referred to as the "Parazoa."

Porifera

Animals & Fungi arose from which protistan supergroup?

Unikonts

Of the following, the closest relatives to fungi are the ______.

animals

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fungi?

a. nuclear mitosis

b. cytoplasm of adjacent cells in continuous through "pores"

c. cell walls made of the protein keratin

d. conspicuous haploid reproductive structures

e. major ecological role as decomposers

Grocery-store mushrooms belong to the ______.

Basidiomycota

The yeast that produces beer belongs to the ____.

Ascomycota

Fungal cells are joined end to end forming threads called _____.

Hypae

The earliest unambiguous fossil fungus dates from about _____ years ago

460 million

"St. Anthony's Fire" killed many people through the Middle Ages (including an estimated 40,000 individuals in France in 944 AD). This disease is caused when people eat ____ that has/have been contaminated by an ascomycota, Claviceps purpurea.

rye grain

Which of the following is a synapomorphy supporting animal monophyly?

muscle tissue