1. The three structures that make up the bony thorax?

Sternum, Thoracic vertebra and 12 pairs of ribs.

2. What is the term for the long, middle aspect of the sternum?

Body

3. The most distal aspect of the sternum does not ossify until a person is approximately how old?

40

4. The total sternum length on an average adult is?

6 inches

5. The xiphoid process of the sternum is approximately at te level of

T9 - T10

6. The sternal angle is at the level of

T4-T5

7. The sternal angle is also called

Manubriosternal joint

8. What is the name of the joint that connects the upper limb to the bony thorax?

SC Joint

9. What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib?

True rib is connected to the sternum by their own costocartilage, false are connected by the costocartilage of the 7th rib

10. True or False: The eleventh and twelfth ribs are classified as false and floating ribs?

True

11. The anterior end of the ribs is called the vertebral end.

False

12. Which aspect of the ribs articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?

Tubercule

13. List the structures found within the costal groove of each rib?

Artery, Vien, and nerves

14. Which end of the ribs is most superior - the posterior vertebral ends or the anterior sternal ends of the ribs?

Posterior vertebral end

15. Approximately how much difference in height is there between the anterior sternal end and posterior vertebral end of the ribs?

3 to 5 inches

16. Which rib articulates with the upper lateral aspect of the manubrium of the sternum?

First (anterior sternal end)

17. The bony thorax is widest at the lateral margin of which ribs?

8th or 9th

18. Joint movement type of: First sternocostal

Immovable - synarthrodial

19. Joint movement type of: First through twelfth costovertebral joints

Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding)

20. Joint movement type of: First through tenth costochondral unions (between costicartilage and ribs)

Immovable - synarthrodial

21. Joint movement type of: First through tenth costotransverse joints (between ribs and transverse process of T vertebrae).

Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding)

22. Joint movement type of: Second through seventh sternocostal joints (between second and seventh ribs and sternum).

Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding)

23. Joint movement type of: Sixth through ninth interchondral joints (between anterior sixth and ninth costal cartilage).

Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding)

24. Joint movement type of: Ninth and tenth interchondral joints between the cartilage.

Fibrous - syndesmosis

25. What is unque about the true ribs

Each rib attaches to the sternum by its own costicartilage

26. What is unique about the floating ribs

They do not connect to anything anteriorly

27. True or False: It is virtually impossible to visulize the sternum with a direct PA or anteroposterior projection

True

28. True or False: A large "deep-chested" (hypersthenic) patient requires more obliquity for a frontal view of the sternum as compared with a "thin-chested" (asthenic) patient.

False

29. How much rotation should be used for the oblique position of the sternum for a large, "deep-chested" patient

approximately 15 degrees

30. What is the advantage of performing an ostostatic (breathing) technique for radiography of the sternum

It blurs lung markings and ribs which improves visability of the ribs

31. What is the main reason that a SID of less than 40 inches should not be used for sternum radiography?

Increase in patient dose expecially skin does.

32. What other modality is available to study the sternum of routine RAO and lateral radiographs do not provide suffient information

CT or Nucular medicine

33. An injury to the region of the eighth or ninth rib requires the above or below diaphragm technique

Above

34. To properly elongate and visualize the axially aspect of the ribs, the patients spine should be rotated away or towards the area of intrest?

Away from

35. Which projection AP or PA and anterior or posterior oblique should be performed for an injury to the anterior aspect of the ribs?

PA and anterior oblique

36. Which two rib projections should be performed for an injury to the right posterior ribs?

AP and Posterior oblique RPO to shift the spine away from the area of interest.

37. If the physician suspects a pneumothorax or hemothorax has occured as a result of a rib fracture which additional radiographic projection(s) should be performed in addition to the routine rib projection?

Erect PA and lateral chest

38. A Flail chest is defined as ?

Pulmonary injury caused by blunt trauma to two or more ribs

39. Osteolytic metastases of the ribs produce what radiographic appearences?

Irregular bony margins

40. What is the definition of pectus excavatum?

Depressed sternum caused by congenital defect

41. A proliferative bony lesion of increased density is generally termed?

osteoblastic

42. True or False: MRI provides a more diagnostic image of rib metatses as compared with nuclear medicine

False

43. True or False: patients can develope osteomyelitis as a postoperative complication following open heart surgery.

True

44. What is the perferred study of the sternum RAO or LAO

RAO because it places the sternum over the heart to provide a uniform background for added visibility of sternum

45. Where is the CR centered for the oblique and lateral projections of the sternum?

Midsternum

46. What other position can be performed if the patient cannot assume a prone position for the RAO sternum

LPO

47. What is the recommended SID for a lateral projection of the sternum

60-70 inches to reduce magnification created by long OID

48. What criteria applies to a radiograph of an oblique sternum for evaluation

The entire sternum should lie over the heart shadow and be adjacent to the spine.

49. What is the CR for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints

Level of T2 - T3

50. What type of breathing instructions shoud be given to the patient for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints

Suspended respiration on inspiration

51. How much rotation is reccomeneded for an anterior oblique of the sternoclavicular joints

10 to 15 from PA position

52. Which specific oblique position best demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint adjacent to the spine?

LAO

53. What are three points that must be included in the patient's clinical history before a rib series?

The nature of the trauma, the location of the rib pain and whether paitent is coughing up blood.

54. Where is the CR for an AP projection of the ribs for an injury located above the diapragm?

3-4 inches below jugular notch at the level of T7

55. What two specific oblique positions can be used to elongate the left axillary ribs?

RAO or LPO elongates the left axillary ribs

56. What position and projection should be performed for an injury to the right anterior ribs

LAO position and PA projection

57. How many degrees of rotation is required for an oblique projection of the axillary ribs

45 degrees

58. SID for a bilateral rib study on a adult patient

72 inch SID

59. True or False: The recommended kV range for a digital study of the unilateral, lower ribs is 80-90 kv

True