front 1 1. The three structures that make up the bony thorax? | back 1 Sternum, Thoracic vertebra and 12 pairs of ribs. |
front 2 2. What is the term for the long, middle aspect of the sternum? | back 2 Body |
front 3 3. The most distal aspect of the sternum does not ossify until a person is approximately how old? | back 3 40 |
front 4 4. The total sternum length on an average adult is? | back 4 6 inches |
front 5 5. The xiphoid process of the sternum is approximately at te level of | back 5 T9 - T10 |
front 6 6. The sternal angle is at the level of | back 6 T4-T5 |
front 7 7. The sternal angle is also called | back 7 Manubriosternal joint |
front 8 8. What is the name of the joint that connects the upper limb to the bony thorax? | back 8 SC Joint |
front 9 9. What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib? | back 9 True rib is connected to the sternum by their own costocartilage, false are connected by the costocartilage of the 7th rib |
front 10 10. True or False: The eleventh and twelfth ribs are classified as false and floating ribs? | back 10 True |
front 11 11. The anterior end of the ribs is called the vertebral end. | back 11 False |
front 12 12. Which aspect of the ribs articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae? | back 12 Tubercule |
front 13 13. List the structures found within the costal groove of each rib? | back 13 Artery, Vien, and nerves |
front 14 14. Which end of the ribs is most superior - the posterior vertebral ends or the anterior sternal ends of the ribs? | back 14 Posterior vertebral end |
front 15 15. Approximately how much difference in height is there between the anterior sternal end and posterior vertebral end of the ribs? | back 15 3 to 5 inches |
front 16 16. Which rib articulates with the upper lateral aspect of the manubrium of the sternum? | back 16 First (anterior sternal end) |
front 17 17. The bony thorax is widest at the lateral margin of which ribs? | back 17 8th or 9th |
front 18 18. Joint movement type of: First sternocostal | back 18 Immovable - synarthrodial |
front 19 19. Joint movement type of: First through twelfth costovertebral joints | back 19 Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding) |
front 20 20. Joint movement type of: First through tenth costochondral unions (between costicartilage and ribs) | back 20 Immovable - synarthrodial |
front 21 21. Joint movement type of: First through tenth costotransverse joints (between ribs and transverse process of T vertebrae). | back 21 Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding) |
front 22 22. Joint movement type of: Second through seventh sternocostal joints (between second and seventh ribs and sternum). | back 22 Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding) |
front 23 23. Joint movement type of: Sixth through ninth interchondral joints (between anterior sixth and ninth costal cartilage). | back 23 Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding) |
front 24 24. Joint movement type of: Ninth and tenth interchondral joints between the cartilage. | back 24 Fibrous - syndesmosis |
front 25 25. What is unque about the true ribs | back 25 Each rib attaches to the sternum by its own costicartilage |
front 26 26. What is unique about the floating ribs | back 26 They do not connect to anything anteriorly |
front 27 27. True or False: It is virtually impossible to visulize the sternum with a direct PA or anteroposterior projection | back 27 True |
front 28 28. True or False: A large "deep-chested" (hypersthenic) patient requires more obliquity for a frontal view of the sternum as compared with a "thin-chested" (asthenic) patient. | back 28 False |
front 29 29. How much rotation should be used for the oblique position of the sternum for a large, "deep-chested" patient | back 29 approximately 15 degrees |
front 30 30. What is the advantage of performing an ostostatic (breathing) technique for radiography of the sternum | back 30 It blurs lung markings and ribs which improves visability of the ribs |
front 31 31. What is the main reason that a SID of less than 40 inches should not be used for sternum radiography? | back 31 Increase in patient dose expecially skin does. |
front 32 32. What other modality is available to study the sternum of routine RAO and lateral radiographs do not provide suffient information | back 32 CT or Nucular medicine |
front 33 33. An injury to the region of the eighth or ninth rib requires the above or below diaphragm technique | back 33 Above |
front 34 34. To properly elongate and visualize the axially aspect of the ribs, the patients spine should be rotated away or towards the area of intrest? | back 34 Away from |
front 35 35. Which projection AP or PA and anterior or posterior oblique should be performed for an injury to the anterior aspect of the ribs? | back 35 PA and anterior oblique |
front 36 36. Which two rib projections should be performed for an injury to the right posterior ribs? | back 36 AP and Posterior oblique RPO to shift the spine away from the area of interest. |
front 37 37. If the physician suspects a pneumothorax or hemothorax has occured as a result of a rib fracture which additional radiographic projection(s) should be performed in addition to the routine rib projection? | back 37 Erect PA and lateral chest |
front 38 38. A Flail chest is defined as ? | back 38 Pulmonary injury caused by blunt trauma to two or more ribs |
front 39 39. Osteolytic metastases of the ribs produce what radiographic appearences? | back 39 Irregular bony margins |
front 40 40. What is the definition of pectus excavatum? | back 40 Depressed sternum caused by congenital defect |
front 41 41. A proliferative bony lesion of increased density is generally termed? | back 41 osteoblastic |
front 42 42. True or False: MRI provides a more diagnostic image of rib metatses as compared with nuclear medicine | back 42 False |
front 43 43. True or False: patients can develope osteomyelitis as a postoperative complication following open heart surgery. | back 43 True |
front 44 44. What is the perferred study of the sternum RAO or LAO | back 44 RAO because it places the sternum over the heart to provide a uniform background for added visibility of sternum |
front 45 45. Where is the CR centered for the oblique and lateral projections of the sternum? | back 45 Midsternum |
front 46 46. What other position can be performed if the patient cannot assume a prone position for the RAO sternum | back 46 LPO |
front 47 47. What is the recommended SID for a lateral projection of the sternum | back 47 60-70 inches to reduce magnification created by long OID |
front 48 48. What criteria applies to a radiograph of an oblique sternum for evaluation | back 48 The entire sternum should lie over the heart shadow and be adjacent to the spine. |
front 49 49. What is the CR for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints | back 49 Level of T2 - T3 |
front 50 50. What type of breathing instructions shoud be given to the patient for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints | back 50 Suspended respiration on inspiration |
front 51 51. How much rotation is reccomeneded for an anterior oblique of the sternoclavicular joints | back 51 10 to 15 from PA position |
front 52 52. Which specific oblique position best demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint adjacent to the spine? | back 52 LAO |
front 53 53. What are three points that must be included in the patient's clinical history before a rib series? | back 53 The nature of the trauma, the location of the rib pain and whether paitent is coughing up blood. |
front 54 54. Where is the CR for an AP projection of the ribs for an injury located above the diapragm? | back 54 3-4 inches below jugular notch at the level of T7 |
front 55 55. What two specific oblique positions can be used to elongate the left axillary ribs? | back 55 RAO or LPO elongates the left axillary ribs |
front 56 56. What position and projection should be performed for an injury to the right anterior ribs | back 56 LAO position and PA projection |
front 57 57. How many degrees of rotation is required for an oblique projection of the axillary ribs | back 57 45 degrees |
front 58 58. SID for a bilateral rib study on a adult patient | back 58 72 inch SID |
front 59 59. True or False: The recommended kV range for a digital study of the unilateral, lower ribs is 80-90 kv | back 59 True |