The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lens?

The lens focuses light on the retina.

The distance between two consecutive wave crests is the __________.

wavelength

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

Broca's area ________.

is considered a motor speech area

Which of the following is the basic taste quality responsible for the "beef taste" of steak?

umami

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

vestibulocochlear

The brain stem consists of the ________.

midbrain, medulla, and pons

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate somatic motor output so that smooth, well-timed movements occur?

cerebellum

Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?

stapes

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

thalamus

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

True

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________.

otoliths

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?

ganglion cells

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

False

Somatic reflexes activate __________.

skeletal muscle

What part of the eye constitutes the blind spot?

optic disc

CNS nerve fibers lack the intrinsic capacity to regenerate, while PNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate.

True

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

brain stem.

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

cerebellum and basal nuclei

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Schwann cells

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

cerebellar white matter

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

a complete loss of voluntary movement

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

iris

The bending of light rays is called reflection.

False

If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.

color vision

Which photoreceptors respond to very dim light?

rods

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

vision in dim light

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

afferent nerves

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

gyri

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

visceral control center of the body

The receptor organ for hearing is the __________.

spiral organ (of Corti)

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

exteroceptors

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

nociceptors

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

motor nerves

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.

eye

Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the ________.

occipital lobe of the cortex

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information?

olfactory

Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the eye?

retina

__________ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

Narcolepsy

Most taste buds are located __________.

on the tongue

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" for all brain activity?

cerebral cortex

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

secretion of the hormone melatonin

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

substances in solution

Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning?

medulla oblongata

The receptors for smell are activated when __________.

dissolved odorants bind to receptor proteins in the cilium membranes

Where are equilibrium receptors located?

in the semicircular canals and in the vestibule of the ear

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

substances in solution

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

suprachiasmatic nucleus

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

Which of the following is the basic taste quality responsible for the "beef taste" of steak?

umami

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the eye?

retina

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

afferent nerves

If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.

color vision

What part of the eye constitutes the blind spot?

optic disc

The bending of light rays is called reflection.

False

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

False

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

commissures

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

visceral control center of the body

Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________.

can understand language, but have difficulty speaking

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

True

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

vestibulocochlear

Static equilibrium involves linear acceleration as well as changes in head rotation.

False

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

mixed nerves

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

metabolic waste such as urea

Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?

stapes

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.

has no blood supply

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

prefrontal cortex

Where are equilibrium receptors located?

in the semicircular canals and in the vestibule of the ear

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.

eye

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Ganglia

Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex?

thalamus

Eye color is determined by the amount of brown pigment present in the iris.

True

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

secretion of the hormone melatonin

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

cerebellar white matter

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

motor nerves

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

False

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

vision in dim light

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

medulla

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

True

Which of these lettered structures serves as the taste cells?

C

Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?

pia mater

__________ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

Narcolepsy

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

brain stem.

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

In the figure below, which letter points to an afferent neuron?

A

Which of the following is the receptor organ for hearing?

spiral organ (of Corti)

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

False

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate somatic motor output so that smooth, well-timed movements occur?

cerebellum

The receptor organ for hearing is the __________.

spiral organ (of Corti)

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

exteroceptors

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

ependymal cells

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

cerebellum and basal nuclei

Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning?

medulla oblongata