Chapter 21: Immunity System (Mastering)
Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?
innate external defenses
innate internal defenses
adaptive defenses
innate external defenses
Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?
innate internal defenses
adaptive defenses
innate external defenses
innate internal defenses
What cells make antibodies?
plasma B cells
cytotoxic T cells
memory B cells
memory T cells
plasma B cells
What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?
antigen
pathogen
antibody
an antigenic determinant
an antigenic determinant
What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one
person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?
humoral immunity
cell-mediated immunity
cellular immunity
humoral immunity
If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?
antibody-mediated immunity
humoral immunity
cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?
B cells
macrophages
Cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
Helper T cells directly kill infected host cells.
Helper T cells phagocytize bacteria and viruses.
Helper T cells produce and secrete antibodies.
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
What is meant by the clonal expansion of a B cell?
An activated B cell will engulf and digest anything foreign.
An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells.
An activated B cell will immediately begin to produce antibodies.
An activated B cell will kill infected host cells.
An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells.
The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. What component of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again?
Memory B cells
Dendritic cells
Plasma cells
Antibodies that are “left over” from the last infection
Memory B cells
Correctly order the steps involved cellular immunity:
2,1,3,4
2,4,1,3
1,2,4,3
4,2,1,3
2,4,1,3
Which of the following is NOT a step used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected host cells?
Secretion of perforin
Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
Recognition of infected host cell using its TCR
Secretion of granzyme
Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
Place the following steps of phagocytosis in the order that they occur:
2,1,3,4,5
1,2,4,3,5
2,1,4,3,5
2,4,1,3,5
2,1,4,3,5
Which pair of molecules do NOT directly interact with one another?
BCR and epitope
BCR and TCR
CD8 and MHC-I
CD4 and MHC-II
BCR and TCR
Which of the following is NOT a step that ultimately leads to antibody production?
Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
Immature B cells conducting surveillance for foreign epitopes
Differentiation of plasma cells
Activation of helper T cells by dendritic cells
Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
A person who has AIDS contracts rare and often life-threatening infections because their helper T cell count is so low. Which of the following components of the immune response still respond to antigen despite the low helper T cell count?
Clonal selection of B cells
Apoptosis of infected host cells
Clonal expansion and antibody production
Activation of cytotoxic T cells
Clonal selection of B cells
Which of the following statements is true?
Adaptive defenses include humoral immunity only.
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Memory B cells are typically established when the B cell binds to an antigen.
Innate defenses are enough to keep a person healthly.
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APC)?
T cells
natural killer cells
memory cells
B cells
B cells
Which of the following cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces for recognition?
T lymphocytes
NK cells
dendritic cells
plasma cells
dendritic cells
Which cells secrete histamines that trigger inflammatory pathways?
mast cells
macrophages
neutrophils
NK cells
mast cells
Which of the following is an effect of complement activation?
opsonization
tissue repair
fever
T cell activation
opsonization
Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?
all nucleated cells
antigen-presenting cells
antigen-presenting cells
Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?
class I MHC proteins
class II MHC proteins
class II MHC proteins
Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?
CD8
CD4
CD8
Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?
all nucleated cells
macrophages
B cells
dendritic cells
all nucleated cells
Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?
CD4 cells
CD6 cells
CD8 cells
CD8 cells
Which of the following activate CD8 cells?
peptides containing 14-17 amino acids
antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins
exogenous antigens
antigens on class II MHC proteins
antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins
What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells?
cytotoxic T (TC) cells
APC
regulatory T (TReg) cells
helper T (TH) cells
cytotoxic T (TC) cells
Which of these mechanisms do cytotoxic T (TC) cells use to destroy a target--that is, deliver a lethal hit?
the seeking of cells lacking class I MHC proteins
agglutination of target cells
perforation of the membrane
opsonization
perforation of the membrane
Which type of T cell will recognize antigens associated with an organ transplant?
helper T (TH) cells
cytotoxic T (TC) cells
CD8 cells
regulatory T (TReg) cell
cytotoxic T (TC) cells
T cells achieve self-tolerance in the __________.
bone marrow
thymus
tonsils
lymph nodes
thymus
Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched?
helper T cells: destroy infected cells
B cells: produce free antibodies cytotoxic
T cells: destroy virally infected cells
macrophages: antigen-presenting cells
helper T cells: destroy infected cells
Activated CD8 cells become __________.
B cells
cytotoxic T cells
NK cells
helper T cells
cytotoxic T cells