The structural framework of lymphoid tissue is offered by:

reticular connective tissue.

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

lower extremities

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease?

protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses

Which nonspecific defense cells specialize in attacking cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

Natural killer cells

Which statement is true of the thoracic duct?

It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.

Which of the following are the principle lymphoid organs in the body?

Lymph nodes

This tissue lines the trachea.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

All of the following are examples of autoimmune disorders, except:

sickle-cell anemia.

Which of the following cells is the most critical cell in immunity?

helper T cell

Within the lungs carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse between the air in the alveoli and the blood.

True

Which of the following controls the respiratory rate?

Medulla

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are:

T lymphocytes.

Active artificially acquired immunity is a result of:

vaccination.

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

This type of disease results from the inability of the immune system to distinguish self- from nonself-antigens.

Autoimmune disease

This structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before it migrates into the large intestine.

Appendix

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells

Which of the following conditions would NOT decrease the total respiratory compliance?

Increase in lung compliance

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

tonsil

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

Gas exchange

Where is the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?

Spleen

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

antigenic

Which atmospheric gas is the most soluble in liquid?

Carbon dioxide

Internal and external respiration occur in exactly the same regions of the body.

False

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum are:

Peyer's patches.

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are:

T lymphocytes.

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:

converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.

Fever ________.

production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher settin

The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the ____________ and the __________ pressure.

intrapulmonary; intrapleural

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called:

pulmonary ventilation

Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?

Bronchiole

Which statement below is characteristic of a secondary humoral response?

It occurs much more rapidly than a primary response.

The rate of blood flow to a tissue would increase during times of high metabolic activity.

True

The immune cell that allows for subsequent recognition of an antigen, resulting in a secondary response, is called a(n):

memory cell.

Air moves into the lungs because:

the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.

A major function of the lymphatic system is:

return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.

Which of the following is a nonspecific barrier defense?

Mucous membranes

All of the following would be caused by breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period of time, except:

increased mental function.

In addition to its lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets.

Spleen

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________.

haptens

A "foreign" molecule which can invoke the immune response is called a(n):

antigen.

Antibody functions include all of the following except ________.

cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the:

epiglottis.

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

replaces injured tissues with connective tissue

Which situation would interfere with external respiration?

All answers are correct

Cells require oxygen for cellular respiration.

True

Which of the following is NOT an innate defense mechanism of the body?

B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.

bone marrow

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral mucosa?

Palatine tonsils

Helper T cells ________.

function in the adaptive immune system activation

Antibody functions include all of the following except ________.

cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched