During pulmonary circulation blood leaves the __________.

A.) right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle

B.) right ventricle and moves to the lungs

C.) right atrium and goes directly to the lungs

D.) left ventricle and moves to the lungs

E.) right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

right ventricle and moves to the lungs

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.

A.) right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

B.) right ventricle and moves to the lungs

C.) right atrium and goes directly to the lungs

D.) left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

E.) lungs and moves to the left atrium

left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

The endothelium is composed of __________.

A.) tunica media muscle cells

B.) simple columnar epithelium

C.) stratified squamous epithelium

D.) simple squamous epithelium

E.) simple cuboidal epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.

A.) right atrium

B.) left ventricle

C.) aorta

D.) left atrium

E.) right ventricle

right atrium

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside?

A.) tunica intima, tunica externa, tunica media

B.) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

C.) tunica intima, tunica externa, tunica media

D.) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa

E.) It varies from vessel to vessel.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the __________.

A.) the heart

B.) the lungs

C.) paravertebral ganglia

D.) kidneys

E.) the digestive tract

kidneys

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________.

A.) arteries and veins

B.) capillaries and tissue cells

C.) arterioles and tissue cells

D.) arterioles and venules

E.) artery walls and tissue cells

capillaries and tissue cells

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called __________.

A.) arteriosclerosis

B.) hypertension

C.) atherosclerosis

D.) varicose veins

E.) circulatory shock

circulatory shock

Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________.

A.) vasodilation

B.) atherosclerosis

C.) varicose veins

D.) vasoconstriction

E.) arteriosclerosis

vasoconstriction

The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________.

A.) venules

B.) veins

C.) arteries

D.) capillaries

E.) arterioles

capillaries

Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?

A.) lymph nodes

B.) precapillary sphincter

C.) valves

D.) tunica intima

E.) tunica externa

precapillary sphincter

Loss of vastomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is knowns as ____________.

A.) varicose veins

B.) vascular shock

C.) atherosclerosis

D.) hypertension

E.) vasoconstriction

vascular shock

Which of the following arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?

A.) superior mesentric artery

B.) inferior mesenteric artery

C.) gonadal arteries

D.) celiac trunk

E.) descending aorta

celiac trunk

Which of the following veins is the longest in the body?

A.) superior mesenteric artery

B.) inferior mesenteric artery

C.) gonadal arteries

D.) celiac trunk

E.) descending aorta

great saphenous vein

Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?

A.) inner layer

B.) subendothelial layer

C.) middle layer

D.) outer layer

middle layer

Which of the following types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?

A.) vasa vasorum

B.) arterioles

C.) distributing arteries

D.) elastic arteries

distributing arteries

__________ inhibits fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

A.) lipoprotein (a)

B.) foamy macrophages

C.) cytomegalovirus

D.) cholesterol

lipoprotein (a)

The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the __________.

A.) diameter of arterioles

B.) constriction of elastic arteries

C.) number of elastic fibers in conducting arteries

D.) elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media in muscular arteries

diameter of arterioles

The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.

A.) elastic fibers

B.) pericytes

C.) gap junctions

D.) valves

perictyes

All but which of the following blood vessels contain intercellular clefts?

A.) arterioles

B.) continuous capillaries

C.) fenestrated capillaries

D.) sinusoidal capillaries

arterioles

The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the __________.

A.) pulmonary circulation

B.) hepatoportal circulation

C.) microcirculation

D.) systemic circulation

systemic circulation

A metarteriole is a vessel that __________.

A.) auxiliary channel

B.) is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

C.) drains the capillary bed

D.) is intermediate between a capillary and a venule

is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

Which of the following conditions would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins?

A.) standing to attention for long periods of time

B.) pregnancy

C.) running in place

D.) a potbelly in an obese person

running in place

Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________.

A.) arterioles

B.) veins

C.) capillaries

D.) arteries

veins

All of the following are examples of venous sinuses EXCEPT __________.

A.) coronary sinuses

B.) dural sinuses

C.) venous sinuses

D.) carotid sinuses

carotid sinuses

Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors, which are sensitive to __________.

A.) to changes in blood pressure

B.) the level of carbon dioxide in the blood

C.) the constriction of capillary beds

D.) the level of oxygen in the blood

to changes in blood pressure

An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of __________.

A.) elastic arteries

B.) all arteries

C.) conducting arteries

D.) muscular arteries

muscular arteries

Which of the following blood vessels is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis?

A.) the aorta

B.) the cerebral arteries

C. )the femoral artery

D.) the pulmonary arteries

the aorta

Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow?

A.) blood vessel diameter

B.) blood viscosity

C.) pumping action of the heart

D.) total blood vessel length

E.) peripheral resistance

pumping action of the heart

Blood enters the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the __________.

A.) superior vena cava

B.) inside of the ventricles

C.) pulmonary artery

D.) pulmonary veins

E.) aorta

Aorta