which epidermal cell type is most nymerous
a.)keratinocyte
b.)melanocyte
c.)dendritic cell
d.)tactile cell

keratinocyte

Which cell functions as part of the immune system
a.)keratinocyte
b.)melanocyte
c.)dendritic cell
d.)tactile cell

dendritic cell

the epidermis proves a physical barrier due largely to the presence of
a.)melanin
b.)carotene
c.)collagen
d.)keratin

keratin

skin color is determined by
a.)the amount of blood
b.)pigments
c.)oxygenation level of the blood
d.)all of the above

all of the above

the sensations of touch and pressure are picked up by receptors.
a.)the stratum spinosum
b.)the dermis
c.)the hypdermis
d.)stratum corneum

the dermis

which is not a true statement about the papillary layer of the dermis?
a.)it is largely areolar connective tissue
b.)it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin
c.)it contains nerve endings that respond to stimuli
d.)it is highly vascular

it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin

skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called.
a.)tension lines
b.)papillary ridges
c.)flexure lines
d.)dermal papillae

flexure lines

which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?
a.)hair
b.)sweat gland
c.)sensory receptor
d.)sebaceous gland

sensory receptor

an arrector pili muscle
a.)is associated with each sweat gland
b.)can cause a hair to stand up straight
c.)enables each hair to be stretched when wet
d.)provides new cells for continued growth of its associated hair.

can cause a hair to stand up straight

the product of this type of sweat gland includes protein and lipid substances that become odoriferous as result of bacterial action:
a.)apocrine gland
b.)eccrine gland
c.)sebaceous gland
d.)pancreatic gland

apocrine gland

sebum
a.)lubricates the surface of the skin and hair
b.)consists of cell fragments and fatty substances
c.)in excess may cause seborrhea
d.)all of these

all of these

the rule of nines is helpful clinically in
a.)diagnosing skin cancer
b.)estimating the extent of a burn
c.)estimating how serious a cancer
d.)preventing acne

estimating the extent of a burn

all the following are functions of the skin except:
a.)excretion of body wastes
b.)insulation
c.)protection from mechanical damage
d.) site of vitamin A synthesis

site of viatmin A synthesis

the skin has two distinct regions. the superficial layer is the _______ and the underlying connective tissue is the _____.

epidermis and dermis

the most superficial layer of the epidermis is the:
a.)stratum basale
b.)stratum spinosum
c.)stratum granulosum
d.)stratum corneum

stratum corneum

thick skin of the epidermis contains ____layers.

5

____ is a yellow_orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis.
a.)keratin
b.)carotene
c.)melanin
d.)hemoglobin

carotene

these cells produce a brown to black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage.the cells are:
a.)dendritic cells
b.)keratinocytes
c.)melanocytes
d.)tactile cells

melanocytes

true or false
nails originate from the epidermis

true

the portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the:
a.)bulb
b.)matrix
c.)root
d.)shaft

shaft

the ducts of _____ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface

sebaceous

_____glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas

apocrine

four protective functions of the skin are:

prevent desiccation
prevents bacterial invasion
protects against thermal damage
protects against UV radiation

layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead kerantinocytes

stratum lucidum

two layers containing dead cells

stratum corneum and stratum lucidum

dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

papillary layer

vascular region of the skin

dermis as a whole, papillary layer and reticular layer

major skin area as a whole that produces derivatives (nails and hair)

epidermis as a whole

epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division

stratum basale

layer including scale like dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off

stratum corneum

layer of mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments

stratum spinosum

has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers

dermis as a whole, reticular layer

location of melanocytes and tactile (merkel) cells

stratum basale

area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear

stratum spinosum

layer of areolar connective tissue

papillary layer

the tough water repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called

keratin

the pigments melanin and _______ contribute to skin color

carotene

a localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a _______

freckle

______ granules contain glycolipids that prevent water loss from the skin.

lamellar

fibers in the dermis are produced by:

fibroblasts

glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the __________glands.

Sebaceous and apocrine sweat

phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called:

dendritic or langerhan cells

a unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is:

tactile or merkel disc

what layer is present in thick skin but not in the thin skin?

stratum lucidum

what cell to cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?

desmosomes

what substance is manufactured in the skin and plays a role i calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?

vitamin D

list the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin

free nerve endings (for pain, tempt), tactile corpuscles( for touch in hairless skin), lamellar corpuscles (for pressure)

define cyanotic: (cyanosis)
what does its presence imply?

a blue cast to the skin
inadequate oxygenation of the blood

produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead.

sebaceous glands

tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold.

arrector pili

sweat glands with a role in temperature control

sweat gland_eccrine

sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues

hair follicle

less numerous type of sweat producing gland, found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions.

sweat gland-apocrine
hair follicle

found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet (two from keys)

sebaceous glands

primarily dead/keratinized cells (two from key)

hair and nail

specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch...

cutaneous receptors

secretes a lubricant for hair and skin

sebaceous glands

"sports" a lunule and cuticle

nail

with what substance in the bond paper does the iodine painted on the skin react?

the starch

what organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat gland?

nervous system (sympathetic division)

name three common fingerprint patterns:

loops, arches and whorls