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61 notecards = 16 pages (4 cards per page)

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chapter 5 the integumentary system

front 1

which epidermal cell type is most nymerous
a.)keratinocyte
b.)melanocyte
c.)dendritic cell
d.)tactile cell

back 1

keratinocyte

front 2

Which cell functions as part of the immune system
a.)keratinocyte
b.)melanocyte
c.)dendritic cell
d.)tactile cell

back 2

dendritic cell

front 3

the epidermis proves a physical barrier due largely to the presence of
a.)melanin
b.)carotene
c.)collagen
d.)keratin

back 3

keratin

front 4

skin color is determined by
a.)the amount of blood
b.)pigments
c.)oxygenation level of the blood
d.)all of the above

back 4

all of the above

front 5

the sensations of touch and pressure are picked up by receptors.
a.)the stratum spinosum
b.)the dermis
c.)the hypdermis
d.)stratum corneum

back 5

the dermis

front 6

which is not a true statement about the papillary layer of the dermis?
a.)it is largely areolar connective tissue
b.)it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin
c.)it contains nerve endings that respond to stimuli
d.)it is highly vascular

back 6

it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin

front 7

skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called.
a.)tension lines
b.)papillary ridges
c.)flexure lines
d.)dermal papillae

back 7

flexure lines

front 8

which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?
a.)hair
b.)sweat gland
c.)sensory receptor
d.)sebaceous gland

back 8

sensory receptor

front 9

an arrector pili muscle
a.)is associated with each sweat gland
b.)can cause a hair to stand up straight
c.)enables each hair to be stretched when wet
d.)provides new cells for continued growth of its associated hair.

back 9

can cause a hair to stand up straight

front 10

the product of this type of sweat gland includes protein and lipid substances that become odoriferous as result of bacterial action:
a.)apocrine gland
b.)eccrine gland
c.)sebaceous gland
d.)pancreatic gland

back 10

apocrine gland

front 11

sebum
a.)lubricates the surface of the skin and hair
b.)consists of cell fragments and fatty substances
c.)in excess may cause seborrhea
d.)all of these

back 11

all of these

front 12

the rule of nines is helpful clinically in
a.)diagnosing skin cancer
b.)estimating the extent of a burn
c.)estimating how serious a cancer
d.)preventing acne

back 12

estimating the extent of a burn

front 13

all the following are functions of the skin except:
a.)excretion of body wastes
b.)insulation
c.)protection from mechanical damage
d.) site of vitamin A synthesis

back 13

site of viatmin A synthesis

front 14

the skin has two distinct regions. the superficial layer is the _______ and the underlying connective tissue is the _____.

back 14

epidermis and dermis

front 15

the most superficial layer of the epidermis is the:
a.)stratum basale
b.)stratum spinosum
c.)stratum granulosum
d.)stratum corneum

back 15

stratum corneum

front 16

thick skin of the epidermis contains ____layers.

back 16

5

front 17

____ is a yellow_orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis.
a.)keratin
b.)carotene
c.)melanin
d.)hemoglobin

back 17

carotene

front 18

these cells produce a brown to black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage.the cells are:
a.)dendritic cells
b.)keratinocytes
c.)melanocytes
d.)tactile cells

back 18

melanocytes

front 19

true or false
nails originate from the epidermis

back 19

true

front 20

the portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the:
a.)bulb
b.)matrix
c.)root
d.)shaft

back 20

shaft

front 21

the ducts of _____ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface

back 21

sebaceous

front 22

_____glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas

back 22

apocrine

front 23

four protective functions of the skin are:

back 23

prevent desiccation
prevents bacterial invasion
protects against thermal damage
protects against UV radiation

front 24

layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead kerantinocytes

back 24

stratum lucidum

front 25

two layers containing dead cells

back 25

stratum corneum and stratum lucidum

front 26

dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

back 26

papillary layer

front 27

vascular region of the skin

back 27

dermis as a whole, papillary layer and reticular layer

front 28

major skin area as a whole that produces derivatives (nails and hair)

back 28

epidermis as a whole

front 29

epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division

back 29

stratum basale

front 30

layer including scale like dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off

back 30

stratum corneum

front 31

layer of mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments

back 31

stratum spinosum

front 32

has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers

back 32

dermis as a whole, reticular layer

front 33

location of melanocytes and tactile (merkel) cells

back 33

stratum basale

front 34

area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear

back 34

stratum spinosum

front 35

layer of areolar connective tissue

back 35

papillary layer

front 36

the tough water repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called

back 36

keratin

front 37

the pigments melanin and _______ contribute to skin color

back 37

carotene

front 38

a localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a _______

back 38

freckle

front 39

______ granules contain glycolipids that prevent water loss from the skin.

back 39

lamellar

front 40

fibers in the dermis are produced by:

back 40

fibroblasts

front 41

glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the __________glands.

back 41

Sebaceous and apocrine sweat

front 42

phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called:

back 42

dendritic or langerhan cells

front 43

a unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is:

back 43

tactile or merkel disc

front 44

what layer is present in thick skin but not in the thin skin?

back 44

stratum lucidum

front 45

what cell to cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?

back 45

desmosomes

front 46

what substance is manufactured in the skin and plays a role i calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?

back 46

vitamin D

front 47

list the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin

back 47

free nerve endings (for pain, tempt), tactile corpuscles( for touch in hairless skin), lamellar corpuscles (for pressure)

front 48

define cyanotic: (cyanosis)
what does its presence imply?

back 48

a blue cast to the skin
inadequate oxygenation of the blood

front 49

produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead.

back 49

sebaceous glands

front 50

tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold.

back 50

arrector pili

front 51

sweat glands with a role in temperature control

back 51

sweat gland_eccrine

front 52

sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues

back 52

hair follicle

front 53

less numerous type of sweat producing gland, found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions.

back 53

sweat gland-apocrine
hair follicle

front 54

found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet (two from keys)

back 54

sebaceous glands

front 55

primarily dead/keratinized cells (two from key)

back 55

hair and nail

front 56

specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch...

back 56

cutaneous receptors

front 57

secretes a lubricant for hair and skin

back 57

sebaceous glands

front 58

"sports" a lunule and cuticle

back 58

nail

front 59

with what substance in the bond paper does the iodine painted on the skin react?

back 59

the starch

front 60

what organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat gland?

back 60

nervous system (sympathetic division)

front 61

name three common fingerprint patterns:

back 61

loops, arches and whorls