Whole blood consists of

approx. 55% plasma & 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) & platelets.

What percent of blood is plasma?

55%

What percent of blood is formed elements?

45%

What does formed elements consist of?

erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets

What are erythrocytes?

Red blood cells (RBC's)

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells (WBC's)

What are platelets?

A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.

Visual of Platelet functions -->

Formed elements are produced from

stem cells in red bone marrow.

True/ False
Erythrocytes are modified for transport of oxygen.

~TRUE~

True/False
Most of the oxygen (from modified erythrocytes) is bound to the pigmented protein hemoglobin.

~TRUE~

There are ___ types of leukocytes.

5

The 5 different types of leukocytes can be distinguished on the basis of

size, appearance of the nucleus, staining properties, presence & absence of visible cytoplasmic granuels.

White blood cells are active in

phagocytosis (neutrophils & monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes).

Blood serves to

transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells & to carry away carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes.

True/False
Blood carries away carbon dioxide & metabolic waste.

~TRUE~

Does blood transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells?

~YES~

Plasma contains approx. _a__% proteins, __b__, ___c__, _d___ & __e____, which are dissolved or suspended in water.

a. 10%
b. ions
c. nutrients
d. waste products
e. hormones

What happens to the proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products & hormones contained w/in plasma?

They are dissolved or suspended in water.

The heart is a __a__ _a__ that sends blood to the __b_ for oxygenation through the __c__ __c__ & to the remainder of the body through the __d_ _d__.

a. double pump
b. lungs
c. pulmonary circuit
d. systemic circuit

Blood is received by the _a__ & is pumped in circulation by the __b__.

a. atria
b. ventricles

True/False
Valves between the atria & ventricles include the tricuspid on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart & the bicuspid on the LEFT SIDE of the heart.

~TRUE~

The valve on the LEFT SIDE of the heart is the___ valve?

BICUSPID

The valve on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart is the ___ valve?

TRICSUPID

What valves are found at the entrances of the pulmonary trunk & the aorta?

SEMILUNAR VALVES

Blood is supplied to the heart muscle (myocardium) by what arteries?

Coronary arteries

What is the myocardium?

The heart muscle

Circulation of blood through the heart- visualization-

Follow the blood flow path, while looking at the picture to get a better understanding of the pathway our blood travels through our heart.
**Bicuspid valve is also called the mitral valve.

Blood drains from the ____a_____ directly into the ___b__ __b__ through the ___c__ __c__.

a. myocardium
b. right atrium
c. coronary sinus

The hearts intrinsic beat is initiated by the __a__ _a__ and transmitted along the conduction system through the __b____.

a. Sinoatrial node
b. Myocardium

The intrinsic beat intiated by the sinoatrial node along the conduction system through the mycardium -is a wave of electrical activity & is what is measured on a

ECG- Electrocardiogram

The cardiac cycle is the period from the

end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction.

True/False
The contraction phase of the cycles is __a__; the relaxation phase is __b__.

a. systole
b. diastole

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called

systole

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called

diastole

The vascular system contains

arteries, veins & capillaries.

Arteries carry blood

AWAY from the heart

Veins carry blood

TOWARD the heart

Capillaries is where

exchange takes place between blood & cells of the body.

True/False
Capillaries are microscopic vessels.

~TRUE~

As arteries get farther away from the heart they

become thinner & thinner

The smallest arteries are called

arterioles

True/ False
The veins parallel the arteries and usually have the same names.

~TRUE~

The ___a_________________ are the _b__ _b__ that empty into the __c__ __c__ of the heart.

a. Superior & Inferior venae cavae
b. large veins
c. right atrium

True/ False
The walls of the arteries are thick & elastic, because they carry blood under high pressure.

~TRUE~

Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation result from

Contraction & relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls.

Vasocontriction is ______ of the smooth muscle in the artery wall.

contraction

Vasodilation is ____ of smooth muscle in the artery wall.

relaxation

True/False
The contraction & relaxation influence blood pressure & blood distribution to the tissues.

~TRUE~

Vein walls are ___a___ & less ___b___ than those of the arteries, because they carry blood under lower pressure.

a. thinner
b. elastic

True/False
Arteries are thicker & more elastic than veins because they carry blood under high pressure.

~True~

* veins are the opposite of arteries as far as structure goes.

Mechanisms that help draw venous blood back to the heart include:

a. pressure of the skeletal muscles on the veins
b. expansions of the chest in breathing
c. valves in the veins of the legs that keep blood moving in a forward direction.

Labled diagram of the heart

Thank you for using my notecards, I hope they were helpful. Please leave comments and post notecards of your own for others to use. ~ :-) ~

Major arteries & veins of the body.
* These are good to know if you are taking A&P.

Notice the arteries are paralleled w/veins w/the same name (most of them). Example: Femoral artery & Femoral vein.
Arteries in red
Veins in blue