Whole blood consists of
approx. 55% plasma & 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) & platelets.
What percent of blood is plasma?
55%
What percent of blood is formed elements?
45%
What does formed elements consist of?
erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells (RBC's)
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells (WBC's)
What are platelets?
A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.
Visual of Platelet functions -->
Formed elements are produced from
stem cells in red bone marrow.
True/ False
Erythrocytes are modified for transport of oxygen.
~TRUE~
True/False
Most of the oxygen (from modified erythrocytes) is bound to the pigmented protein hemoglobin.
~TRUE~
There are ___ types of leukocytes.
5
The 5 different types of leukocytes can be distinguished on the basis of
size, appearance of the nucleus, staining properties, presence & absence of visible cytoplasmic granuels.
White blood cells are active in
phagocytosis (neutrophils & monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes).
Blood serves to
transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells & to carry away carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes.
True/False
Blood carries away carbon dioxide & metabolic waste.
~TRUE~
Does blood transport oxygen & nutrients to body cells?
~YES~
Plasma contains approx. _a__% proteins, __b__, ___c__, _d___ & __e____, which are dissolved or suspended in water.
a. 10%
b. ions
c. nutrients
d. waste products
e. hormones
What happens to the proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products & hormones contained w/in plasma?
They are dissolved or suspended in water.
The heart is a __a__ _a__ that sends blood to the __b_ for oxygenation through the __c__ __c__ & to the remainder of the body through the __d_ _d__.
a. double pump
b. lungs
c. pulmonary circuit
d. systemic circuit
Blood is received by the _a__ & is pumped in circulation by the __b__.
a. atria
b. ventricles
True/False
Valves between the atria & ventricles include the tricuspid on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart & the bicuspid on the LEFT SIDE of the heart.
~TRUE~
The valve on the LEFT SIDE of the heart is the___ valve?
BICUSPID
The valve on the RIGHT SIDE of the heart is the ___ valve?
TRICSUPID
What valves are found at the entrances of the pulmonary trunk & the aorta?
SEMILUNAR VALVES
Blood is supplied to the heart muscle (myocardium) by what arteries?
Coronary arteries
What is the myocardium?
The heart muscle
Circulation of blood through the heart- visualization-
Follow the blood flow path, while looking at the picture to get a better understanding of the pathway our blood travels through our heart.
**Bicuspid valve is also called the mitral valve.
Blood drains from the ____a_____ directly into the ___b__ __b__ through the ___c__ __c__.
a. myocardium
b. right atrium
c. coronary sinus
The hearts intrinsic beat is initiated by the __a__ _a__ and transmitted along the conduction system through the __b____.
a. Sinoatrial node
b. Myocardium
The intrinsic beat intiated by the sinoatrial node along the conduction system through the mycardium -is a wave of electrical activity & is what is measured on a
ECG- Electrocardiogram
The cardiac cycle is the period from the
end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction.
True/False
The contraction phase of the cycles is __a__; the relaxation phase is __b__.
a. systole
b. diastole
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called
systole
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called
diastole
The vascular system contains
arteries, veins & capillaries.
Arteries carry blood
AWAY from the heart
Veins carry blood
TOWARD the heart
Capillaries is where
exchange takes place between blood & cells of the body.
True/False
Capillaries are microscopic vessels.
~TRUE~
As arteries get farther away from the heart they
become thinner & thinner
The smallest arteries are called
arterioles
True/ False
The veins parallel the arteries and usually have the same names.
~TRUE~
The ___a_________________ are the _b__ _b__ that empty into the __c__ __c__ of the heart.
a. Superior & Inferior venae cavae
b. large veins
c. right atrium
True/ False
The walls of the arteries are thick & elastic, because they carry blood under high pressure.
~TRUE~
Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation result from
Contraction & relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls.
Vasocontriction is ______ of the smooth muscle in the artery wall.
contraction
Vasodilation is ____ of smooth muscle in the artery wall.
relaxation
True/False
The contraction & relaxation influence blood pressure & blood distribution to the tissues.
~TRUE~
Vein walls are ___a___ & less ___b___ than those of the arteries, because they carry blood under lower pressure.
a. thinner
b. elastic
True/False
Arteries are thicker & more elastic than veins because they carry blood under high pressure.
~True~
* veins are the opposite of arteries as far as structure goes.
Mechanisms that help draw venous blood back to the heart include:
a. pressure of the skeletal muscles on the veins
b. expansions of the chest in breathing
c. valves in the veins of the legs that keep blood moving in a forward direction.
Labled diagram of the heart
Thank you for using my notecards, I hope they were helpful. Please leave comments and post notecards of your own for others to use. ~ :-) ~
Major arteries & veins of the body.
* These are good to know if you are taking A&P.
Notice the arteries are paralleled w/veins w/the same name (most of them). Example: Femoral artery & Femoral vein.
Arteries in red
Veins in blue