Complex carbohydrate found in potatoes

Starch

The structural component of tick exoskeletons

Chitin

A monosaccharide that is a very important source of energy

Glucose

Storage form of glucose found in animal livers

Glycogen

A disaccharide of plant cell walls

Cellulose

The sugar found in beer

Maltose

A monosaccharide isomer of glucose

Fructose

Formed from the dehydration of glucose and fructose

Sucrose

Atom

Smallest unit of matter

Cell

Basic unit of life

Taxonomic Categories

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Scientific Method

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Theory, Law

Atomic Number

Number of protons present in an element

Atomic Weight

Sum of protons and neutrons

Ionic Bond

Bond formed when an atom donates an electron to another atom

Non-polar Covalent Bonds

Equal sharing of electrons

Polar Covalent Bonds

Unequal sharing of electrons

Hydrogen Bond

Bond formed when a Hydrogen atom already covalently bonded to a negative atom is attracted to another negative atom

High Specific Heat

Amount of heat needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

High Heat of Vaporization

Amount of heat needed to convert one gram of liquid to a gas

High Heat of Fusion

Amount of energy needed to freeze water

Cohesion

Water sticks to water molecules (Horizontal)

Adhesion

Water sticks to water molecules (Vertical)

Acid

Substance that releases Hydrogen Ions in solution

Basic (Alkaline)

Substance that releases Hydroxide Ions in solution

Salt

Substance that releases cations and ions in solution

Enantiomer

Mirror image isomer

Polymers

Large organic molecules formed by binding many monomers together

Carbohydrates

Contain elements C,H,O and are used for quick energy

Monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose, Ribose

Disaccharides

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose also have Glycosidic Linkage

Sucrose

Glucose + Fructose

Lactose

Glucose + Galactose

Maltose

Glucose + Glucose

Polysaccharides

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin

Lipids

Contain C,H,O and store six times more energy than carbs

Triglycerides

Glycerol plus three fatty acid chains

Saturated Fats

Do not have double bonds, Animal Products

Unsaturated Fats

Do have double bonds, Plant Products

Steroids

Lipid, four ring structure

Nucleic Acids

Contains C,H,O,N,P

Purines

two rings, Adenine, Guanine

Pyrimidines

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Proteins

Contains C,H,O,N,S and are the building blocks of amino acids

Amino Acid

Central Carbon and Peptide bond

Primary Structure

Linear chains of Amino Acids

Secondary Structure

Primary chain folds on itself, Alpha Helix, Beta pleated sheet, Hydrogen bonds

Tertiary Structure

Globular

Quaternary Structure

Hemoglobin, Collagen, Aggregate of two or more tertiaries