Complex carbohydrate found in potatoes
Starch
The structural component of tick exoskeletons
Chitin
A monosaccharide that is a very important source of energy
Glucose
Storage form of glucose found in animal livers
Glycogen
A disaccharide of plant cell walls
Cellulose
The sugar found in beer
Maltose
A monosaccharide isomer of glucose
Fructose
Formed from the dehydration of glucose and fructose
Sucrose
Atom
Smallest unit of matter
Cell
Basic unit of life
Taxonomic Categories
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Scientific Method
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Theory, Law
Atomic Number
Number of protons present in an element
Atomic Weight
Sum of protons and neutrons
Ionic Bond
Bond formed when an atom donates an electron to another atom
Non-polar Covalent Bonds
Equal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent Bonds
Unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen Bond
Bond formed when a Hydrogen atom already covalently bonded to a negative atom is attracted to another negative atom
High Specific Heat
Amount of heat needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
High Heat of Vaporization
Amount of heat needed to convert one gram of liquid to a gas
High Heat of Fusion
Amount of energy needed to freeze water
Cohesion
Water sticks to water molecules (Horizontal)
Adhesion
Water sticks to water molecules (Vertical)
Acid
Substance that releases Hydrogen Ions in solution
Basic (Alkaline)
Substance that releases Hydroxide Ions in solution
Salt
Substance that releases cations and ions in solution
Enantiomer
Mirror image isomer
Polymers
Large organic molecules formed by binding many monomers together
Carbohydrates
Contain elements C,H,O and are used for quick energy
Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Ribose
Disaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose also have Glycosidic Linkage
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
Lactose
Glucose + Galactose
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose
Polysaccharides
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
Lipids
Contain C,H,O and store six times more energy than carbs
Triglycerides
Glycerol plus three fatty acid chains
Saturated Fats
Do not have double bonds, Animal Products
Unsaturated Fats
Do have double bonds, Plant Products
Steroids
Lipid, four ring structure
Nucleic Acids
Contains C,H,O,N,P
Purines
two rings, Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Proteins
Contains C,H,O,N,S and are the building blocks of amino acids
Amino Acid
Central Carbon and Peptide bond
Primary Structure
Linear chains of Amino Acids
Secondary Structure
Primary chain folds on itself, Alpha Helix, Beta pleated sheet, Hydrogen bonds
Tertiary Structure
Globular
Quaternary Structure
Hemoglobin, Collagen, Aggregate of two or more tertiaries