THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
What are the 3 major regions of the Skin?
EDH
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Superficial Region
What is Epidermis?
Middle Region
What is Dermis?
Deepest Region
What is Hypodermis?
Layer to deep skin; Mostly adipose tissue
What is Subcutaneous?
This region of skins tissue is Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is Epidermis?
What skin region contains the following cells..
What is epidermis?
The epidermis consists of ______________ epithelium.
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the name of the area hair growth occurs?
What is the hair bulb
Hair is made of of a tough protein called _______
What is Keratin?
A hair _____ anchors each hair into the skin.
Follicle
Sensory nerve endings around each hair bulb
What is
Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)
The hair ____ forms the base of the hair follicle, living cells divide and grow to build the hair shaft
What is the hair bulb?
The sweat glands that produce a watery substance and are associated with exercise and stress are the _________ sweat glands, while glands that produce an organic substance that causes body odor are the __________ sweat glands.
eccrine, apocrine
What DERMAL layer is closest to the epidermis?
papillary layer
This layer is found only in thick skin.
What is stratum lucidum?
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
vitamin D
are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
What are Keratinocytes?
If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut?
hypodermis
stratum corneum
dermis
stratum basale
Basically all layers
-the amount of collagen in the dermis decreases.
-the subcutaneous tissue loses adipose tissue.
-the epidermis thins.
changes a persons skin undergoes as they age
Intact skin provides protection because
it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.
produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
What is Keratinization?
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called…
What is Dermal papillae
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
What is stratum basal?
The two layers of the dermis, from deep to superficial, are …
Reticular and papillary layer
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
What are Langerhan's cells
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
detection of heat and touch
which layer of the skin would be most affected from vitamin C deficiency?
The Reticular layer
What skin region is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
what is the Dermis
A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is
What is Carotene?
Can be converted to vitamin A
What is carotene?
Blood vessel dilation in the dermis results in _________ heat loss from the skin, and blood vessel constriction results in _______ heat loss from the skin.
increased, decreased
Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.
Dermis
This is the main fibrous layer of the dermis.
What is the reticular layer?
an inflammatory condition of the skin?
What is dermatitis.
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
dermal papillae.
The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the
stratum basale.
The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called
cyanosis
Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis
Single row of stem cells
Also called stratum germinativum: cells undergo rapid division
Journey from basal layer to surface
Takes 40–56 days
What is Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)?
Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes
Abundant melanin granules and dendritic cells
8-10 layers
What is Stratum Spinosum?
Thin; three to five cell layers in which the cells flatten
Keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate
What is Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)?
In thick skin only
Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum
A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
What is Stratum Lucidum?
20–30 rows of dead, flat, keratinized membranous sacs
Three-quarters of the epidermal thickness
Functions
Protects from abrasion and penetration
Waterproofs
Barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults
What is Stratum Corneum?
Structure: Superficial part of the skin; stratified spamous
epithelium; composed of four of five strata.
Function: Prevents
water loss and the entry of chemicals and microorganisms
Protects against abrasion and ultraviolet light
produces vitamin
D
Gives rise to hair, nails, and glands
What is epidermis?