The first genetic material on Earth was most likely

RNA

Which organism appeared first on Earth?

bacteria

Plant spores are

haploid

Moss is a

nonvascular plant

In seedless vascular plants which generation is dominant?

sporophyte

In angiosperms the, ___________ becomes the fruit

ovary

Ferns first appeared approximately

475 mya

Flowering plants first appeared approximately

125 mya

The photosynthetic cells of a plant are

parenchyma

In plants, spores are formed by

meiosis

That new flu strain is H7N9. The N gene is a gene that

Helps the virus get OUT of the host cell

Area A has a water potential of 0.23 MPa. Area B has a water potential of 0.32MPa. Where will water be going?

From area A to area B

The FIRST plant group to have pollen was the

gymnosperms

What is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?

Synthesis of organic monomers, synthesis of organic polymers, formation of protobionts, formation of DNA-based genetic systems

Fossilized stromatolites

Resemble structures formed by bacterial communities that are found today in some warm, shallow salty bays

At approximately what time in Earth's history did oxygen become abundant in the atmosphere for the first time?

2.3 billion years ago

Which of the following was not a challenge for survival for the first land plants?

Animal predation

Which of the following is true for the life cycle of mosses

Antheridia and Archegonia are produced by gametophytes

Spores develop into

gametophytes

Gametophytes make

gametes

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Bryophyta

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. The plant is probably most closely related to

Ferns

Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2 levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of doing which of the following?

increasing dehydration of leaf tissues, countering the effect of declining CO2 on photosynthesis, increasing the O2 content of air next to the leaves higher than it would be otherwise

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants?

pollen

Which of the following can be found in gymnopsperms?

pollen

Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation of

one embryo involving one sperm cell and an endosperm involving a second sperm cell

Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes?

pollen

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

by facilitating dispersal of seeds

Which of the following flower parts develop into a seed?

ovule

Which of the following would Professor Stevens consider a seedless vascular plant?

fern

On the picture, D is the

sepal

B is the

anther

AC is the

stigma

AC and AB are part of the

carpel

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

produce more cells

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?

some plants lack secondary growth

What would be a plant adaption that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

apical dominance

In the above diagram C is the

vascular bundle

F is the

epidermis

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

secondary xylem

Which of the following is a true statement?

Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

secondary xylem

If you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall, and the nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground, how many meters above the ground is the nail fifty years later?

1.5m

An open beaker of pure water has a potential of

0.0

The value for potential in root tissue was found to be -0.15MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1M solution of sucrose (potential=-0.23MPa), the net water flow would

be from the tissue into the sucrose solution

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will

have a faster rate of osmosis

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

the evaporation of water from the leaves

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

evaporation of water through stoma

What is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule

An outer and an inner phospholipid bilayer is a characteristic of

gram negative bacteria

Bacterial chromosomes are

circular

Bacteria can survive long periods of stress by forming

endospores

Approximately 8-9% of your DNA is

virus DNA

On the diagram, the group circled, which includes species B and species C, wold be

monophyletic

On the diagram, if I made a group of species A,B,C, and D, it would be

monophyletic

Professor Stevens is a member of Phylum Chordata. If I wanted to know more about him, the next more specific category in the old fashioned Linnaean system would be...

Class

The scientific name of the red salamander is Pseudotriton ruber. Pseudotrition is the organsim's

Genus

This is when bacteria take in foreign DNA

transformation

For bacteria to share genes with other bacteria, they need the

F plasmid

To open a stomata, a cell will

pump K into the cell

When a guard cell is __________, the stomata will open

turgid

These organisms invented photosynthesis

bacteria

The organism that causes Toxoplasmosis is a(n)

protozoan

The most recent ancestor of animals is the

protozoans