Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological, disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of
A) Evolution
B) The fossil record
C) Uniformitarianism
D) The origin of new species
E) Natural Selection

B) Fossil Record
Chapter 22

Which of the events described below agrees with the idea of catastrophism?
A) The gradual uplift of the Himalayas by the collision of the Australian crustal plate
with the Eurasian crustal plate
B) The formation of the Grand Canyon by the Colorado River over millions of years
C) The gradual deposition of sediments many kilometers thick on the floors of seas and oceans
D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by the impact of a
large extraterrestrial body with Earth
E) The development of the Galapagos Islands from underwater seamounts over millions
of years

D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by the impact of a large extraterrestrial body with Earth
Chapter 22

What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
B) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.
C) Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.
D) Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging.
E) Earth is millions of years old, and populations gradually change

A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging
Chapter 22

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, ʺThe giraffe
stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a
result.ʺ Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this studentʹs
misconception?
A) Characteristics acquired during an organismʹs life are generally not passed on through genes.
B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
E) Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival.

A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes
Chapter 22

Which group is composed entirely of individuals who maintained that species are fixed
(i.e., unchanging)?
A) Aristotle, Cuvier, and Lamarck
B) Linnaeus, Cuvier, and Lamarck
C) Lyell, Linnaeus, and Lamarck
D) Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier
E) Hutton, Lyell, and Darwin

D) Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier
Chapter 22

In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants,
exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more
cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenkoʹs attempts in this regard were most in agreement with
the ideas of
A) Cuvier.
B) Hutton.
C) Lamarck.
D) Darwin.
E) Plato.

C) Lamarck
Chapter 22

Which stratum should contain the greatest proportion of extinct organisms?

D)

Chapter 22

If ʺxʺ indicates the location of fossils of two closely related species, then fossils of their most-recent common ancestor are most likely to occur in which stratum?

C)

Chapter 22

Who would have proposed that the boundaries between each stratum mark the occurrence of different localized floods?
A) Lyell
B) Cuvier
C) Hutton
D) Darwin
E) Lamarck

B) Cuvier

Chapter 22

Which pair would have been likely to agree that strata such as those depicted here were deposited gradually over long periods of time by subtle mechanisms that are still at work?
A) Cuvier and Aristotle
B) Cuvier and Lamarck
C) Lyell and Linnaeus
D) Aristotle and Hutton
E) Hutton and Lyell

E) Hutton and Lyell

Chapter 22