Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or
meteorological, disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to
explain the existence of
A) Evolution
B) The fossil
record
C) Uniformitarianism
D) The origin of new
species
E) Natural Selection
B) Fossil Record
Chapter 22
Which of the events described below agrees with the idea of
catastrophism?
A) The gradual uplift of the Himalayas by the
collision of the Australian crustal plate
with the Eurasian
crustal plate
B) The formation of the Grand Canyon by the
Colorado River over millions of years
C) The gradual deposition
of sediments many kilometers thick on the floors of seas and
oceans
D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other
groups, by the impact of a
large extraterrestrial body with
Earth
E) The development of the Galapagos Islands from underwater
seamounts over millions
of years
D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by
the impact of a large extraterrestrial body with Earth
Chapter 22
What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and
Darwin?
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are
unchanging.
B) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations
gradually change.
C) Earth is millions of years old, and
populations rapidly change.
D) Earth is millions of years old,
and populations are unchanging.
E) Earth is millions of years
old, and populations gradually change
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are
unchanging
Chapter 22
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students
remarks, ʺThe giraffe
stretched its neck while reaching for
higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a
result.ʺ
Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this
studentʹs
misconception?
A) Characteristics acquired during
an organismʹs life are generally not passed on through genes.
B)
Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new
traits.
C) Only favorable adaptations have survival
value.
D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual
disappearance.
E) Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle
for survival.
A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally
not passed on through genes
Chapter 22
Which group is composed entirely of individuals who maintained that
species are fixed
(i.e., unchanging)?
A) Aristotle, Cuvier,
and Lamarck
B) Linnaeus, Cuvier, and Lamarck
C) Lyell,
Linnaeus, and Lamarck
D) Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier
E)
Hutton, Lyell, and Darwin
D) Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier
Chapter 22
In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his
winter wheat plants,
exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would
eventually give rise to ever more
cold-tolerant winter wheat.
Lysenkoʹs attempts in this regard were most in agreement with
the
ideas of
A) Cuvier.
B) Hutton.
C) Lamarck.
D)
Darwin.
E) Plato.
C) Lamarck
Chapter 22
Which stratum should contain the greatest proportion of extinct organisms?
D)
Chapter 22
If ʺxʺ indicates the location of fossils of two closely related species, then fossils of their most-recent common ancestor are most likely to occur in which stratum?
C)
Chapter 22
Who would have proposed that the boundaries between each stratum mark
the occurrence of different localized floods?
A) Lyell
B)
Cuvier
C) Hutton
D) Darwin
E) Lamarck
B) Cuvier
Chapter 22
Which pair would have been likely to agree that strata such as those
depicted here were deposited gradually over long periods of time by
subtle mechanisms that are still at work?
A) Cuvier and
Aristotle
B) Cuvier and Lamarck
C) Lyell and
Linnaeus
D) Aristotle and Hutton
E) Hutton and Lyell
E) Hutton and Lyell
Chapter 22