the apgar scale is used at one minute and five minutes after birth to

evaluate the health of the newborn

plasticity refers to

the ability of human traits to be molded during development

the more hank eats, the less hungry he feels. the correlation that exists between his food intake and his hunger is

negative

scientific observation

involves recording behavior systematically and objectively

Julia had a baby 3 weeks ago. she has been feeling sad and inadequate as a mother, which has made caring for her newborn difficult. Julia is experiencing....

postpartum depression

nurture refers to

environmental influences

the foundation of cognitive theory is

a person's ideas and beliefs

age of viability the time when the preterm newborn

the time when the preterm newborn might survive outside the uterus

reproductive cells are

gametes

critical period

a fetus developing fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days in utero

which embryo is more vulnerable

male embryos are less likely to survive

brown-eyed alma has a blue-eyed mother, and a brown-eyed father. in this case her brown eyes were determined by a ____ allele

dominant

an individuals socioeconomic status includes a persons

neighborhood

weak correlation

numbers close to 0

difference equals deficit

assuming that children who are deaf cannot communicate as well as children who can hear

second step in scientific method

developing hypothesis

behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on

observing behaviors

critical factor in attaining the age of viability

having adequate brain development

each reproductive cell contains

23 chromosomes

bruno and juliana moved to the united states from mexico 2 years ago and just had their first baby. although bruno and juliana's SES is lower than their native born peers. their baby was born at a healthy weight, due in part to the support of their social network. this phenomenon is called

Hispanic paradox

anoxia refers to

lack of oxygen

maternal depression

can have a long term impact on the newborn

a teratogen is any agent or condition that increases the risk for

prenatal abnormalities

kate who regularly misses meals will most likely deliver a baby who has

LBW

almost every trait is ____ which means it is affected by many genes

polygentic

foundation of psychoanalytic theory

inner drives and motivation

Greg and Allen are at a bar watching a football game. over the course of the game, each one drinks 3 beers. Greg is sweating and red faced while Allen is not. a likely reason for the difference in their physiological reactions to the alcohol is that

greg and allens bodies metabolize the alcohol differently

each human body cell contains

46 chromosomes

Dr. Furth wonders if a specific brain chemical can be suppressed if a patient is given a large dose of vitamin E. the curiosity is the ____ step in the scientific method

first step in the scientific method

the human fetus develops fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days after conception but cannot develop finders and toes before that time, this is an example of

critical period

empirical evidence is based on

theories

longest period of prenatal development

fetal period

sensitive period example

child learning how to speak a second language

threshold effect

harmless up to a certain level

nature refers to

the genes that people inherit

cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to present the 3 main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. Cindy's presentation uses the following order

germinal, embryonic, fetal

the study of the human development is conducted in a scientific manner because

researchers can develop objectives opinions

when doing research with anyone under the age of 18 what must you have?

parents permission

harold and heather are twins, they are a result of

two separate ova that were fertilized by two different sperm

the 4th step in scientific method

drawing conclusion

impulsiveness and preservation are the same in that they both represent

an undeveloped prefrontal cortex

freud believed that preschool boys

secretly want to replace their fathers

sara, molly and shy are playing dress-up. they are all princesses and have built a castle. what type of play are the girls engaged in

sociodramatic

high parent to child communication, low warmth and high expectations of maturity

authoritative parenting

process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the tranmission of nerve impulses is called

myelination

spotting warning signs of abuse

secondary prevention

an angry 5 year old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed

emotional regulation

freud would say that a typical 5 year old is in the

phallic stage

romy understands that if she has 4 pieces of pizza and we give her 2 more, she will have 6. however, she does not know what happens if she has 6 and we take away 2. piaget would say that romy

has demonstrated irreversible thinking

authoritarian parents

seem aloof from their children

kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the 2 sides of her body more efficiently. this development is attributed to

growth of corpus collosum

the assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in

static reasoning

eriksons stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called

initiative versus guilt

the piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which the child thinks about the world only from his personal perspective

egocentrism

the ability to control one's impulsiveness appears to be directly related to the development of

prefrontal cortex

one underlying factor that allows the development of theory of mind

neurological maturation

when parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children

authoritarian

when 4 year old karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting

externalizing problem

karen is trying to determine how long her 4 year old daughter should sit in time out.

1 minute for each year

which type of injury prevention begins after and injury and is intended to limit the damage caused by the injury

tertiary

which type of aggression tends to be characteristics of a 2 year old

reactive

an experimenter lines up pairs of checkers into 2 identical rows. then the experimenter elongates one of the rows by spacing the checkers farther apart. this is a classic test of

conservation of numbers

secondary prevention involves

responding to the 1st warning signs of a problem

as a father, Mr. Wallace rates low on nurturance and communication and high demand on maturity

authoritarian

scaffolding

miriam helps her son make cookies, she measures all of the ingredients out and places them on the counter in small bowls. she reads the recipes aloud while simplifying it as he places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon

jose is very warm and nurturing to his kids,. he doesnt believe in punishment

permissive

one of the worst effects of media on children

interference with family life, language development and emotional regualtion

play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing or hitting

rough and tumble play

most common cause of death of kids worldwide

accidents

authoritative homes

kids are successful and generous

jodee is 5 and insists on having all of the food on her plate seperated.

just right obsession

whereas piaget saw cognitive development as

result of individual discovery

vygosky attributes cognitive development to

social activities guided by others

daryl has a ball of silly putty. his 6 year old watches as he flattens the ball. when he asks his 6 year old is there is more now, he says yes

concept of conservation

preschoolers have a tendency to try and make up a reason why things that they see and hear occur, this is

theory theory

janelles usual bedtime is 8:30, her favorite show ends at 9 one evening, she asks to stay up her parents let her

authoritative

freuds term for our self critical conscience that internalizes parental morals

superego

jakes father is taking him to the barber. jake becomes upset after the barber makes his first cut because he doesn't think it will grow back

irreversibly

one of the most important ways in which children learn to control their aggression is through

play

in freudian theory when a little boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother and becomes jealous of his father

oedipus complex

an illness or disorder of the mind

psychopathology

piaget believed that between the ages of 2 and 6 is difficult for kids to think

logically

when kids hear a new word in a familiar context they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word

fast-mapping