the apgar scale is used at one minute and five minutes after birth to
evaluate the health of the newborn
plasticity refers to
the ability of human traits to be molded during development
the more hank eats, the less hungry he feels. the correlation that exists between his food intake and his hunger is
negative
scientific observation
involves recording behavior systematically and objectively
Julia had a baby 3 weeks ago. she has been feeling sad and inadequate as a mother, which has made caring for her newborn difficult. Julia is experiencing....
postpartum depression
nurture refers to
environmental influences
the foundation of cognitive theory is
a person's ideas and beliefs
age of viability the time when the preterm newborn
the time when the preterm newborn might survive outside the uterus
reproductive cells are
gametes
critical period
a fetus developing fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days in utero
which embryo is more vulnerable
male embryos are less likely to survive
brown-eyed alma has a blue-eyed mother, and a brown-eyed father. in this case her brown eyes were determined by a ____ allele
dominant
an individuals socioeconomic status includes a persons
neighborhood
weak correlation
numbers close to 0
difference equals deficit
assuming that children who are deaf cannot communicate as well as children who can hear
second step in scientific method
developing hypothesis
behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on
observing behaviors
critical factor in attaining the age of viability
having adequate brain development
each reproductive cell contains
23 chromosomes
bruno and juliana moved to the united states from mexico 2 years ago and just had their first baby. although bruno and juliana's SES is lower than their native born peers. their baby was born at a healthy weight, due in part to the support of their social network. this phenomenon is called
Hispanic paradox
anoxia refers to
lack of oxygen
maternal depression
can have a long term impact on the newborn
a teratogen is any agent or condition that increases the risk for
prenatal abnormalities
kate who regularly misses meals will most likely deliver a baby who has
LBW
almost every trait is ____ which means it is affected by many genes
polygentic
foundation of psychoanalytic theory
inner drives and motivation
Greg and Allen are at a bar watching a football game. over the course of the game, each one drinks 3 beers. Greg is sweating and red faced while Allen is not. a likely reason for the difference in their physiological reactions to the alcohol is that
greg and allens bodies metabolize the alcohol differently
each human body cell contains
46 chromosomes
Dr. Furth wonders if a specific brain chemical can be suppressed if a patient is given a large dose of vitamin E. the curiosity is the ____ step in the scientific method
first step in the scientific method
the human fetus develops fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days after conception but cannot develop finders and toes before that time, this is an example of
critical period
empirical evidence is based on
theories
longest period of prenatal development
fetal period
sensitive period example
child learning how to speak a second language
threshold effect
harmless up to a certain level
nature refers to
the genes that people inherit
cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to present the 3 main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. Cindy's presentation uses the following order
germinal, embryonic, fetal
the study of the human development is conducted in a scientific manner because
researchers can develop objectives opinions
when doing research with anyone under the age of 18 what must you have?
parents permission
harold and heather are twins, they are a result of
two separate ova that were fertilized by two different sperm
the 4th step in scientific method
drawing conclusion
impulsiveness and preservation are the same in that they both represent
an undeveloped prefrontal cortex
freud believed that preschool boys
secretly want to replace their fathers
sara, molly and shy are playing dress-up. they are all princesses and have built a castle. what type of play are the girls engaged in
sociodramatic
high parent to child communication, low warmth and high expectations of maturity
authoritative parenting
process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the tranmission of nerve impulses is called
myelination
spotting warning signs of abuse
secondary prevention
an angry 5 year old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed
emotional regulation
freud would say that a typical 5 year old is in the
phallic stage
romy understands that if she has 4 pieces of pizza and we give her 2 more, she will have 6. however, she does not know what happens if she has 6 and we take away 2. piaget would say that romy
has demonstrated irreversible thinking
authoritarian parents
seem aloof from their children
kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the 2 sides of her body more efficiently. this development is attributed to
growth of corpus collosum
the assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in
static reasoning
eriksons stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called
initiative versus guilt
the piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which the child thinks about the world only from his personal perspective
egocentrism
the ability to control one's impulsiveness appears to be directly related to the development of
prefrontal cortex
one underlying factor that allows the development of theory of mind
neurological maturation
when parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children
authoritarian
when 4 year old karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting
externalizing problem
karen is trying to determine how long her 4 year old daughter should sit in time out.
1 minute for each year
which type of injury prevention begins after and injury and is intended to limit the damage caused by the injury
tertiary
which type of aggression tends to be characteristics of a 2 year old
reactive
an experimenter lines up pairs of checkers into 2 identical rows. then the experimenter elongates one of the rows by spacing the checkers farther apart. this is a classic test of
conservation of numbers
secondary prevention involves
responding to the 1st warning signs of a problem
as a father, Mr. Wallace rates low on nurturance and communication and high demand on maturity
authoritarian
scaffolding
miriam helps her son make cookies, she measures all of the ingredients out and places them on the counter in small bowls. she reads the recipes aloud while simplifying it as he places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon
jose is very warm and nurturing to his kids,. he doesnt believe in punishment
permissive
one of the worst effects of media on children
interference with family life, language development and emotional regualtion
play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing or hitting
rough and tumble play
most common cause of death of kids worldwide
accidents
authoritative homes
kids are successful and generous
jodee is 5 and insists on having all of the food on her plate seperated.
just right obsession
whereas piaget saw cognitive development as
result of individual discovery
vygosky attributes cognitive development to
social activities guided by others
daryl has a ball of silly putty. his 6 year old watches as he flattens the ball. when he asks his 6 year old is there is more now, he says yes
concept of conservation
preschoolers have a tendency to try and make up a reason why things that they see and hear occur, this is
theory theory
janelles usual bedtime is 8:30, her favorite show ends at 9 one evening, she asks to stay up her parents let her
authoritative
freuds term for our self critical conscience that internalizes parental morals
superego
jakes father is taking him to the barber. jake becomes upset after the barber makes his first cut because he doesn't think it will grow back
irreversibly
one of the most important ways in which children learn to control their aggression is through
play
in freudian theory when a little boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother and becomes jealous of his father
oedipus complex
an illness or disorder of the mind
psychopathology
piaget believed that between the ages of 2 and 6 is difficult for kids to think
logically
when kids hear a new word in a familiar context they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word
fast-mapping