number of bones in body

206

2 regions of bones

axial and appendicular

axial skeleton

80 total bones
includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

appendicular skeleton

limbs and attachment points
includes pelvic and pectoral girdle

cranial bones

surround and protect the brain
2/3 of the skull

facial bone

framework of the face

sutures

interlocking immovable joints that connect skull bones

parietal bones

superior and lateral portions of skull

frontal bones

forehead and superior portion of the orbits

supraorbital margin

upper rim of each orbit

supraorbital foramen

opening through supraorbital margin

glabella

smooth area just superior to bridge of nose

frontal sinuses

air filled pockets within bone lateral to glabella

anterior cranial fossa

where anterior portion of brain sits

occipital bone

forms posterior and inferior part of skull

external occipital protuberance

knob/bump along midline

superior nuchal line

extends laterally from protuberance

inferior nuchal line

runs horizontally inferior to superior nuchal line

posterior cranial fossa

formed internally, contains cerebellum

foramen magnum

large hole for brainstem

occipital condyles

lateral to foramen magnum, allows head to rock/nod

hypoglossal canal

medial/superior to occipital condyles
passage for hypoglossal nerve

temporal bones

form portions of lateral and inferior skull

zygomatic proces

a long zygomatic bone
forms zygomatic arch (cheek bone)

external acoustic/auditory meatus

external ear canal

petrous portion

dense area,(resembles mountain ridge)

jugular foramen

opening for jugular vein and cranial nerves

carotid canals

anterior to jugular foramen
for passage of internal carotid artery

foramen lucerum

jagged opening for vessels/nerve passage

internal acoustic/auditory meatus

internal opening of ear canal

styloid process

needle like inferior projection for muscle and ligament attachment

mastoid process

rounded bump lateral and posterior to styloid process for muscle attachment

stylomastoid foramen

in between styloid and mastoid process, nerve passageway

middle cranial fossa

partially formed by temporal bones, contains temporal lobes of brain

sphenoid bones

span the skull, can be viewed from all angles

greater wings

form portion of lateral skull and part of cranial fossa

lesser wings

form portion of anterior cranial anterior fossa

sella turcica

saddle portion

optical canal

anterior to sella turcica
for passage of optic nerve

superorbital fissure

slit between greater and lesser wings
for passage of muscles

foramen rotundum

medial portion of greater wing

foramen ovale

posterolateral to foramen rotundum

foramen spinosum

posterolateral to foramen ovale

ethmoid bone

deep bone to skull
anterior to sphenoid, posterior to nasal bones

cribiform plates

horizontal planes on superior surface full of tiny holes

crista galli

superior projection

perpendicular plate

inferior projection
forms superior portion of the nasal septum

superior and middle nasal conchae

curved protrusion
extend medially into nasal cavity

4 major cranial sutures

coronal, squamous, sagittal, lamboid

coronal suture

between parietal bones and frontal bones

squamous suture

between parietal and temporal bone

sagittal bone

between left and right parietal bones

lamboid suture

between parietal and occipital bones

mandible

lower jaw

body

horizontal portion

ramus

vertical portion

angle

where body and ramus meet

coronoid process

anterior process of ramus

condylar process

posterior process of ramus

head

enlargement at the end of condylar process

mandibular notch

intermediate to coronoid and condylar processes

mandibular symphasis

fussion of both halves of the mandible

mental protuberance

chin

mandibular foramen

on medial surface of each ramus

mental foramen

on anteriolateral portion of the body

maxillae

form upper portion of jaw and central face

palatine process

forms anterior portion of the hard palate

maxillary sinus

largest of the paranasal sinuses

inferior orbital fissure

slit formed by multiple bones

infraorbital foramen

opening inferior to the orbit
for nerve passage

zygomatic bones

2 cheek bones

nasal bones

bridge of nose

lacrimal bones

small bones in medial walls of the orbit
where tears form

palatine bones

horizontal plates
form the posterior portion of hard palate

vomer

pendent shaped bone
forms inferior portion of nasal septum

inferior nasal conchae

thin curved bones in nasal cavity

paranasal sinus

lined with mucous membranes to help warm, moisten and filter air
keeps the skull light

orbits

cavities that contain eyeballs, muscle, fat and glands

7 bones that form the orbits

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone that sits inferior to the curve of the mandible
doesn't articulate to any other bone, held in place by ligaments
acts as a base for the tongue