number of bones in body
206
2 regions of bones
axial and appendicular
axial skeleton
80 total bones
includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
appendicular skeleton
limbs and attachment points
includes pelvic and pectoral girdle
cranial bones
surround and protect the brain
2/3 of the skull
facial bone
framework of the face
sutures
interlocking immovable joints that connect skull bones
parietal bones
superior and lateral portions of skull
frontal bones
forehead and superior portion of the orbits
supraorbital margin
upper rim of each orbit
supraorbital foramen
opening through supraorbital margin
glabella
smooth area just superior to bridge of nose
frontal sinuses
air filled pockets within bone lateral to glabella
anterior cranial fossa
where anterior portion of brain sits
occipital bone
forms posterior and inferior part of skull
external occipital protuberance
knob/bump along midline
superior nuchal line
extends laterally from protuberance
inferior nuchal line
runs horizontally inferior to superior nuchal line
posterior cranial fossa
formed internally, contains cerebellum
foramen magnum
large hole for brainstem
occipital condyles
lateral to foramen magnum, allows head to rock/nod
hypoglossal canal
medial/superior to occipital condyles
passage for hypoglossal nerve
temporal bones
form portions of lateral and inferior skull
zygomatic proces
a long zygomatic bone
forms zygomatic arch (cheek bone)
external acoustic/auditory meatus
external ear canal
petrous portion
dense area,(resembles mountain ridge)
jugular foramen
opening for jugular vein and cranial nerves
carotid canals
anterior to jugular foramen
for passage of internal carotid artery
foramen lucerum
jagged opening for vessels/nerve passage
internal acoustic/auditory meatus
internal opening of ear canal
styloid process
needle like inferior projection for muscle and ligament attachment
mastoid process
rounded bump lateral and posterior to styloid process for muscle attachment
stylomastoid foramen
in between styloid and mastoid process, nerve passageway
middle cranial fossa
partially formed by temporal bones, contains temporal lobes of brain
sphenoid bones
span the skull, can be viewed from all angles
greater wings
form portion of lateral skull and part of cranial fossa
lesser wings
form portion of anterior cranial anterior fossa
sella turcica
saddle portion
optical canal
anterior to sella turcica
for passage of optic nerve
superorbital fissure
slit between greater and lesser wings
for passage of muscles
foramen rotundum
medial portion of greater wing
foramen ovale
posterolateral to foramen rotundum
foramen spinosum
posterolateral to foramen ovale
ethmoid bone
deep bone to skull
anterior to sphenoid, posterior to nasal bones
cribiform plates
horizontal planes on superior surface full of tiny holes
crista galli
superior projection
perpendicular plate
inferior projection
forms superior portion of the nasal septum
superior and middle nasal conchae
curved protrusion
extend medially into nasal cavity
4 major cranial sutures
coronal, squamous, sagittal, lamboid
coronal suture
between parietal bones and frontal bones
squamous suture
between parietal and temporal bone
sagittal bone
between left and right parietal bones
lamboid suture
between parietal and occipital bones
mandible
lower jaw
body
horizontal portion
ramus
vertical portion
angle
where body and ramus meet
coronoid process
anterior process of ramus
condylar process
posterior process of ramus
head
enlargement at the end of condylar process
mandibular notch
intermediate to coronoid and condylar processes
mandibular symphasis
fussion of both halves of the mandible
mental protuberance
chin
mandibular foramen
on medial surface of each ramus
mental foramen
on anteriolateral portion of the body
maxillae
form upper portion of jaw and central face
palatine process
forms anterior portion of the hard palate
maxillary sinus
largest of the paranasal sinuses
inferior orbital fissure
slit formed by multiple bones
infraorbital foramen
opening inferior to the orbit
for nerve passage
zygomatic bones
2 cheek bones
nasal bones
bridge of nose
lacrimal bones
small bones in medial walls of the orbit
where tears form
palatine bones
horizontal plates
form the posterior portion of hard palate
vomer
pendent shaped bone
forms inferior portion of nasal septum
inferior nasal conchae
thin curved bones in nasal cavity
paranasal sinus
lined with mucous membranes to help warm, moisten and filter air
keeps the skull light
orbits
cavities that contain eyeballs, muscle, fat and glands
7 bones that form the orbits
frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid
hyoid bone
U-shaped bone that sits inferior to the curve of the mandible
doesn't articulate to any other bone, held in place by ligaments
acts as a base for the tongue