spine

sharp,slender process

tubercle

small rounded projection

crest

narrow ridge of bone

tuberosity

large rounded projection

head

structure supported on neck

ramus

armlike projection

condyle

rounded, convex projection

fissure

narrow opening

Meatus

Canal-like structure

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Fossa

Shallow depression

Sinus

Air-filled cavity

Trochanter

Large, irregularly shaped projection

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Process

Projection or prominence

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?

long bones

contains spongy bone in adults

F, epiphysis

made of compact bone

C, diaphysis

site of blood cell formation

J, Red Bone Marrow

major submembranous site of osteoclasts

D, endosteum & I, periosteum

scientific term for bone shaft

C, diaphysis

contains fat in adult bones

G, Medullary Cavity

growth plate remnant

E, Epiphyseal line

major submembranous site of osteoblasts

D, endosteum & I, periosteum

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?

compact bone diaphysis looks solid, practically without holes or gaps-

spongy bone is metaphysis and the epiphysis on the other hand are composed of thousands of spicules or trabeculae of bone, interconnected

What is the function of the periosteum?

The Periosteum serves as an attachment point for muscles and bones through tendons and ligaments.

Trace the route taken by nutrients through the bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna.

The path is: Periosteum, Perforating Canals, Central Canals, Canaliculi, Lancunae, Osteocytes

concentric lamellae

layers of bony matrix around a central canal

lacunae

site of osteocytes

central canal

longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

canaliculi

minute canals connecting osteocytes of an osteon

matrix

inorganic salts deposited in organic ground substances

On the photomicrograph of bone on the right (365x), identify all structures maned in the key and bracket an osteon.

A. Canaliculi
B. Concentric Lamellae
C. Lacunae
D. Central canal
E. Matrix

What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?

Gives bone flexibility & strength

Name the important organic bone components

Collagen fibers, osteocytes

Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts?

Gives bone hardness & compressional strength.

Baking removes _______________ from bone. Soaking bone in acid removes _________________.

baking removes what from bone? ORGANIC
soaking in acid removes? MINERALS

Compare and contrast events occurring on the epiphyseal and diaphyseal faces of the epiphyseal plate?

The cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side are continuing to grow and divide mitotically, while the ones on the diaphyseal side are aging, dying and then osteoblasts move in to form bone.

Type of cartilage that supports the external ear

Elastic

Type of cartilage between the vertebrae

Fibrocartilage

Type of cartilage that forms the walls of the voice box (larynx)

Hyaline

Type of cartilage that forms the epiglottis

Elastic

Type of cartilage forming the articular cartilages

Hyaline

Type of cartilage that forms the meniscus

Fibrocartilage

Type of cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

Hyaline

Type of cartilage thats the most effective at resisting compression

Fibrocartilage

The most springy and flexible type of cartilage

Elastic

The most abundant type of cartilage

Hyaline