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    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
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52 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Exercise 9: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages

front 1

spine

back 1

sharp,slender process

front 2

tubercle

back 2

small rounded projection

front 3

crest

back 3

narrow ridge of bone

front 4

tuberosity

back 4

large rounded projection

front 5

head

back 5

structure supported on neck

front 6

ramus

back 6

armlike projection

front 7

condyle

back 7

rounded, convex projection

front 8

fissure

back 8

narrow opening

front 9

Meatus

back 9

Canal-like structure

front 10

Foramen

back 10

Round or oval opening through a bone

front 11

Fossa

back 11

Shallow depression

front 12

Sinus

back 12

Air-filled cavity

front 13

Trochanter

back 13

Large, irregularly shaped projection

front 14

Epicondyle

back 14

Raised area on or above a condyle

front 15

Process

back 15

Projection or prominence

front 16

facet

back 16

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

front 17

The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?

back 17

long bones

front 18

back 18

front 19

back 19

front 20

back 20

front 21

contains spongy bone in adults

back 21

F, epiphysis

front 22

made of compact bone

back 22

C, diaphysis

front 23

site of blood cell formation

back 23

J, Red Bone Marrow

front 24

major submembranous site of osteoclasts

back 24

D, endosteum & I, periosteum

front 25

scientific term for bone shaft

back 25

C, diaphysis

front 26

contains fat in adult bones

back 26

G, Medullary Cavity

front 27

growth plate remnant

back 27

E, Epiphyseal line

front 28

major submembranous site of osteoblasts

back 28

D, endosteum & I, periosteum

front 29

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?

back 29

compact bone diaphysis looks solid, practically without holes or gaps-

spongy bone is metaphysis and the epiphysis on the other hand are composed of thousands of spicules or trabeculae of bone, interconnected

front 30

What is the function of the periosteum?

back 30

The Periosteum serves as an attachment point for muscles and bones through tendons and ligaments.

front 31

Trace the route taken by nutrients through the bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna.

back 31

The path is: Periosteum, Perforating Canals, Central Canals, Canaliculi, Lancunae, Osteocytes

front 32

concentric lamellae

back 32

layers of bony matrix around a central canal

front 33

lacunae

back 33

site of osteocytes

front 34

central canal

back 34

longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

front 35

canaliculi

back 35

minute canals connecting osteocytes of an osteon

front 36

matrix

back 36

inorganic salts deposited in organic ground substances

front 37

On the photomicrograph of bone on the right (365x), identify all structures maned in the key and bracket an osteon.

back 37

A. Canaliculi
B. Concentric Lamellae
C. Lacunae
D. Central canal
E. Matrix

front 38

What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?

back 38

Gives bone flexibility & strength

front 39

Name the important organic bone components

back 39

Collagen fibers, osteocytes

front 40

Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts?

back 40

Gives bone hardness & compressional strength.

front 41

Baking removes _______________ from bone. Soaking bone in acid removes _________________.

back 41

baking removes what from bone? ORGANIC
soaking in acid removes? MINERALS

front 42

Compare and contrast events occurring on the epiphyseal and diaphyseal faces of the epiphyseal plate?

back 42

The cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side are continuing to grow and divide mitotically, while the ones on the diaphyseal side are aging, dying and then osteoblasts move in to form bone.

front 43

Type of cartilage that supports the external ear

back 43

Elastic

front 44

Type of cartilage between the vertebrae

back 44

Fibrocartilage

front 45

Type of cartilage that forms the walls of the voice box (larynx)

back 45

Hyaline

front 46

Type of cartilage that forms the epiglottis

back 46

Elastic

front 47

Type of cartilage forming the articular cartilages

back 47

Hyaline

front 48

Type of cartilage that forms the meniscus

back 48

Fibrocartilage

front 49

Type of cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

back 49

Hyaline

front 50

Type of cartilage thats the most effective at resisting compression

back 50

Fibrocartilage

front 51

The most springy and flexible type of cartilage

back 51

Elastic

front 52

The most abundant type of cartilage

back 52

Hyaline