Although human beings always have been interested in other human beings, anthropology has emerged as tradition of scientific inquiry over the last ---.

150 years

What is ethnology ?

the study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups.

A “Culture Bound” theory is

based on the assumptions and values that come from the researchers’ own culture

A detailed description of a particular culture based on fieldwork is called

ethnography

Historians who usually study the past through written sources, are limited chronologically to how far back in time?

5,000 years

What is Linguistic Anthropology?

The study of human language.

What is an ethnography?-

description of a culture from an anthropological perspective

Suzanne Leclerc-Madlala worked traditional healers in what country in order to promote greater awareness and effectiveness in addressing HIV/AIDS?

South Africa

From skeletal remains, the forensic anthropologist can establish what kinds of things?

Identification for legal purposes, age, sex, population affiliation, stature of the deceased, whether the person was right- or left-handed, exhibited any physical abnormalities, or had experienced trauma.

This woman anthropologist was hired by the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1888, making her the first women in the U.S. to receive a full-time position in science?

Matilda Coxe Stevenson

The first clear and comprehensive definition of culture was made by_____?

A British Anthropologist named Sir Edward Tylor.

The term “gender” refers to____?

the cultural elaborations and meanings assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes.

The most important symbolic aspect of culture is___?

language

Analyses of human skeletal remains from the Maya city of Tikal reveal that, on average what about height and graves ?

According to Bronislaw Malinowski, the nature of an institution is determined by its

fulfillment of sharing biological and psychological needs

The belief that one’s way of life is superior to others is

Ethnocentrism.

Because subsistence practices involve tapping into available resources to satisfy a society’s basic needs, this aspect of culture is known as

infrastructure

are a mountain people of western New Guinea studied in 1955 by the North American anthropologist Leo Pospisil

Papuans

As a result of --- work, in 1981 the Apaches were able to move into houses that had been designed with their participation, for their specific needs

George S. Eber’s work

What is the barrel model of culture?

Includes the three functional relationships: economic base(Infrastructure), the social organization(social structure), and the ideology (superstructure)

Robert Hitchcock works with the San peoples in Southern Africa in order

to ensure their rights to land-for foaging, pasturing, farming, and income generation purposes.

If an anthropologists works to help indigenous people hold onto their ancestral lands, the anthropologist is called

advocacy anthropologist

Globalization has given rise to a new form of research and analysis known as

multi-sited ethnography.

What was the focus of Annette Weiner’s research in the Trobriands?

The impact of gender

• What is ethnohistory?

• The idealist perspective is a theoretical approach that stresses the primacy of the

cultural research and analysis in superstructure.

• The materialist perspective is a theoretical approach that stresses the primacy of the

cultural research and analysis in infrastructure.

• The combination of cultural ecology and political economy is the

• Marxism, neo-evolutionism, and cultural ecology are all considered to be --- approaches

• Marvin Harris argues that pork was not generally raised in the Middle East because---

• What do primatologists do?

Study non-human primates

• Define biological evolution.

changes in the genetic makeup of a population over generations

• When do paleoanthropologists believe that human culture began?

• What is a species?

• The first mamals appeared over --- and the earliest primates appeared about ---

200 million years ago

• Thee ability to see the world in the three dimensions of height, width, and depth is due to primates unique development of

depth perception

• Chimpanzees are the only animals to use---as a mechanism of reconciliation

grooming

• What is the purpose of the free upper lip among primates?

• Which came first a large brain or bipedalism?

Bipedalism

• What is the multiregional hypothesis?

states that modern humans evolved from several different groups of hominids (including Neanderthals) that interbred at some point to produce modern humans but genetic research provided enough evidences to suggest that modern humans rose out of Africa in the past 100,000 years and swept aside populations of prehistoric man

• A system of communication based on symbols is called a

language

• What are the two most important parts for human speech anatomically speaking?

• What is ethnolinguistics?

? A branch of linguistics that studies the relationships between language and culture and how they mutually influence and inform each other

• What is a dialect?

A varying form of a language that reflects particular regions, occupations, or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible

• What is code switching?

The practice of changing from one mode of one language to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another

• What did the study of the chimpanzee Vickie indicate?

That chimpanzees are linked to humans 99%.

• How many facial expressions can man make?

7,000

• The price humans pay for spoken language is an --- caused by a lower position of the larynx and ep

• Edward Hall designed four catergories of proxemically relevant spaces. What are these?

• Most of the alphabet in use today descended from what ancient people?

Egyptians