Reduction of benzene

Reduction of benzene

Birch Reduction (reagents can also be called Birch Conditions)

Sulfonation of benzene

Reverse Sulfonation of benzene

Nitration of benzene

nitro group reduced to an amine

nitrobenzene to aniline

preparing an aniline from benzene

Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Clemmensen Reduction

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Strong Activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Moderate Activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Weak activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Weak Deactivators, Ortho/Para Directors

Strong Deactivators, Meta Directors

Benzene Nomenclature

Toluene

Benzene Nomenclature

Phenol

Benzene Nomenclature

Anisole

Benzene Nomenclature

Aniline

Benzene Nomenclature

Benzoic Acid

Benzene Nomenclature

Benzaldehyde

Benzene Nomenclature

Acetophenone

Benzene Nomenclature

Styrene

Benzene Nomenclature

Chlorobenzene

Benzene Nomenclature

Nitrobenzene

Benzene Nomenclature

Ethylbenzene

Alkylbenzenes oxidized by chromic acid to yield benzoic acid AS LONG AS one benzylic hydrogen is present

will work AS LONG AS one benzylic hydrogen is present

Cumulated Diene

Conjugated Diene

Isolated Diene

Halogenation of Benzene

Aryl diazonium salt to fluorine

diazonium salt to hydrogen

aryl diazonium salt to hydroxyl group

aryl diazonium salt to iodine

aryl diazonium salt to nitrile group

aryl diazonium salt to bromine

aryl diazonium salt to chlorine

Leave in group MUST be ortho or para to electron withdrawing group to form the phenol

creates diazonium salt

cyano group hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid