

Reduction of benzene


Reduction of benzene


Birch Reduction (reagents can also be called Birch Conditions)


Sulfonation of benzene


Reverse Sulfonation of benzene


Nitration of benzene


nitro group reduced to an amine
nitrobenzene to aniline


preparing an aniline from benzene


Friedel-Crafts Acylation


Clemmensen Reduction


Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Strong Activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Moderate Activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Weak activators, Ortho/Para Directors

Weak Deactivators, Ortho/Para Directors

Strong Deactivators, Meta Directors

Benzene Nomenclature
Toluene

Benzene Nomenclature
Phenol

Benzene Nomenclature
Anisole

Benzene Nomenclature
Aniline

Benzene Nomenclature
Benzoic Acid

Benzene Nomenclature
Benzaldehyde

Benzene Nomenclature
Acetophenone

Benzene Nomenclature
Styrene

Benzene Nomenclature
Chlorobenzene

Benzene Nomenclature
Nitrobenzene

Benzene Nomenclature
Ethylbenzene


Alkylbenzenes oxidized by chromic acid to yield benzoic acid AS LONG AS one benzylic hydrogen is present


will work AS LONG AS one benzylic hydrogen is present

Cumulated Diene

Conjugated Diene

Isolated Diene


Halogenation of Benzene


Aryl diazonium salt to fluorine


diazonium salt to hydrogen


aryl diazonium salt to hydroxyl group


aryl diazonium salt to iodine


aryl diazonium salt to nitrile group


aryl diazonium salt to bromine


aryl diazonium salt to chlorine


Leave in group MUST be ortho or para to electron withdrawing group to form the phenol


creates diazonium salt


cyano group hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid