Crystallization

▪ Formation of a solid from a liquid by alteration
of the stability of a solute in a solvent

Precipitation

Formation of a solid from a liquid through
chemical reaction as a result of dilution or of the
addition of a reagent to the solution

electrometallurgy

uses electricity for winning and refining metals. It recovers and purifies metals by
electrodeposition of metals at the
cathode

Electrowinning

electrolytic extraction process in which cathodic reduction is used to recover the valuable metal from the electrolyte which is derived from a leaching process

Electrorefining

the anodic reaction is a metal dissolution reaction that is the reverse of the cathodic reduction reaction

cementation

Precipitation / deposition of a metal of higher reduction potential to a metal
of lower reduction potential

ELECTROCHEMICAL

The electrolytic cell consists of the anode, cathode, electrolyte and an applied voltage/current

CELL POTENTIAL (Ecell)

Driving force required to push
electrode reactions
• Minimum theoretical voltage
required

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis

This principle states that the mass of any substance deposited or dissolved at an electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed which is measure in coulombs.

standard cell potential

This refers to the resulting potential when the reactants and products of a given chemical reaction are in standard state.