Crystallization
▪ Formation of a solid from a liquid by alteration
of the
stability of a solute in a solvent
Precipitation
Formation of a solid from a liquid through
chemical reaction as
a result of dilution or of the
addition of a reagent to the solution
electrometallurgy
uses electricity for winning and refining metals. It recovers and
purifies metals by
electrodeposition of metals at the
cathode
Electrowinning
electrolytic extraction process in which cathodic reduction is used to recover the valuable metal from the electrolyte which is derived from a leaching process
Electrorefining
the anodic reaction is a metal dissolution reaction that is the reverse of the cathodic reduction reaction
cementation
Precipitation / deposition of a metal of higher reduction potential
to a metal
of lower reduction potential
ELECTROCHEMICAL
The electrolytic cell consists of the anode, cathode, electrolyte and an applied voltage/current
CELL POTENTIAL (Ecell)
Driving force required to push
electrode reactions
•
Minimum theoretical voltage
required
Faraday's Law of Electrolysis
This principle states that the mass of any substance deposited or dissolved at an electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed which is measure in coulombs.
standard cell potential
This refers to the resulting potential when the reactants and products of a given chemical reaction are in standard state.