what is the smallest structural unit

the cell

4 quadrants of the body

1. RUQ

2. LUQ

3. RLQ

4. LLQ

What are the two main cavities?

Dorsal and Ventral

What does the dorsal cavity include?

It includes the Cranial cavity (Brain) and Spinal Cavity (Spinal Cord)

what does the ventral cavity include?

It includes the Thoracic Cavity and the Abdominoplevic cavity.

hyper = ?

above or " in excess"

for example: hyper ventilation =breathing more than normal

hypo =?

below or less than normal

for example hypo dermic= below the skin

what does Rna have?

Uracil

What does Dna have?

Thymine

what is the most important characteristic of the body structure?

Organization

what is supine?

lying face up on back

what is prone?

lying face down on stomach

a frontal (coronal plane) divides the body into which sections?

into anterior and posterior sections

a transverse plane divides the body into which sections?

a horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections

oblique planes

odd angles they are not parallel they are slanted

Midsagittal

divides the body into equal left and right halves

what does the abdominal cavity contain?

the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

Thoracic Cavity

where is the mediastinum?

midportion of the thoracic cavity; heart and trachea located in mediastinum

Thoracic Cavity

where is pleural cavities?

right lung located in the right pleural cavity, left lung in the left pleural cavity

pelvic cavity contains?

reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of the intestine

what does the axial region contain?

head, neck, and torso or trunk

what does the appendicular region contain?

the upper and lower extremities (limbs)

positive feedback

they temporarily amplify or reinforce the change that is happening

for example: the events that cause rapid increases in uterine contractions before the birth of a baby

negative feedback

variable triggers a counteracting response to come to a set point

for example: when the brain (control center) receives feedback information from nerve endings called cold receptors (sensors) and responds by counteracting a change from normal by activating shivering by muscles (effectors)

what is homeostasis?

relative constancy of the internal environment or the "balance of the body"

feedback loops include?

a sensor, a control center, and an effector

feedback loop what is the senor, control, am effector?

the cold receptors are the sensors, the effector makes you shiver, and the

what is anatomy?

the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts

what is physiology?

the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

structure fits function

the shape of something is designed to do a specific job

for example: the structure of the human mouth is designed to receive food

what is pathology?

the study of disease

what are the chemical levels of organization?

Atoms and Molecules

what is matter?

anything that occupies space and has mass

what is the smallest unit of matter?

atom

what subatomic particles are atomis made of?

protons, electrons, and neutrons

what is at the core of each atom?

a nucleus composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.

four atoms that makeup 96% of the body

COHN

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

why do chemical bonds form?

to make atoms more stable

atoms bond to form molecules

if two hydrogen atoms "share" their single electrons with each other, then both will have full-energy shells, making them more stable as a molecule that would be as an atom.

if an atom donates an electron it gains what charge?

positive ion

if an atom receives an atom they receive what charge?

negative ion

covalent bonds

when atoms share electrons rather that donating or receiving them

water is the _____ in which most other compounds or _____ are dissoved

solvent; solutes

what are buffers?

chemcials in the blood that maintain pH

what is the basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules?

monosaccharide

what do cells use as their primary source of energy?

glucose (dextrose)

a molecule made of two saccharide units

a disaccharide

lipids include a group of fat-soluble molecules that include?

triglycerides, phosoplipsds, ad steriods