Amnestic

an agent that produces memory impairment

Analgesia

absence of normal sense of pain

Anterograde

Memory impairment from the time an amnestic agent is administered

Anticholinergic

Agent that blocks the parasympathetic nerve impulses ; a parasympatholytic agent

Antisialagogue

An agent that reduces oral secretions (saliva)

Anxiolysis

process of relieving anxiety

Aspiration

any foreign bodies in the airway

Benzodiazepine

chemical classification of agents used as sedatives

NPO

nothing by mouth

opioid

“Refers to all drugs”, natural, sympathetic, or synthetic, having morphine-like actions (pain relief, pain killer)

Vagolysis

Blocking the effects of the vagus nerve ( cranial nerve #10 )

What relieves anxiety and relaxes muscles?

Sedatives -> benzodiazepines

Valium, Ativan, and versed are all considered as what?

sedatives

opioids are?

anlegesics and relieves pain

Morpine, Fentanyl, and meperidine are all considered as?

Analgesics -> opioids

What stops the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as blocking the Vagus nerve?

Anticholinergics

what is it called when the vagus nerve is blocked?

vagolysis

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, and Scopolamine are all called?

Anticholinergic drugs

which medications decrease saliva secretion?

Atropine

which anticholinergic medication is the most common?

Atropine

What stops nausea and vomiting?

Gastric agents

What neutralizes the acid of the stomach?

Alkaline

Antacids and antimetics are?

Gastric agents

Which neutralizes the acid of the stomach?

Alkaline

What is acid production or neutralize existing gastric acid?

Antacids

when H2 receptors of the stomach is stimulated it?

makes acid release

Zantac, pepcid, and Tagamet are?

H2 blockers

what decreases the potential for nausea/vomiting?

antimetics

Zofran - with dexamethasone PRN is considered as a?

Steroid

Zofran and scopolamine are?

Antiemetic drugs

What increases the GI tract movement and decreases aspiration?

GI prokinetic

What is another name for Reglan?

Metoclopramide

What regulates the GI tract?

Reglan

Auscultation

Listening to the sounds of the body, especially heart and lungs

• >>> Heart, Lungs, Abdomen

Blood Pressure

Measuring the force of blood against the vessel walls

Drop in blood pressure in the way that vital organs wont receive enough blood is called

shock

Cardiogenic Shock

• When the heart suddenly can not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

Hypovolemic Shock

• an emergency condition in which severe blood or other fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.

Septic shock

when the blood pressure drops dangerously low after an infection

Capnometry

Measure of expired carbon dioxide

1. Very first sign of MH is increased exhaled CO2
2. Effectiveness of patient respiration

Electrocardiography

• Process of recording electrical activity of the heart

What is used to record the heart rate and rhythm?

Electrocardiography

When injected between the bone and dura matter, this is considered as what type of injection?

epidural

Exsanguination

to rener bloodless

Intrathecally

pertaining to within the spinal canal used for spinal anesthesia

What is injected or applied topically to interrupt pain impulses at the nerve endings?

Local anesthesia

MAC means that?

different types of anesthesia is used at the same time

MAC stands for?

Monitored anesthesia care

Pulse oximetry

A measure of the oxygen saturation of the blood; also measures heart rate

Purpose: assess respiratory function

Oxygen saturation should be

95% - 100%

A method of anesthesia in which an agent is injected to block pain impulses a nerve plexus is called?

regional anesthesia

What is used to detect hypothermia and/or hyperthermia?

thermometer

What decreases metabolism?

hypothermia

What increases metabolism?

hyperthermia

Thermometer

Instrument to measure temperature

Consciousness Monitor

• Modified EEG
• Purpose: used to assess patient’s level of awareness
• Interprets and displays a reading between 0 and 100

Conscious Monitor; a level 0 means?

unconscious

Conscious Monitor; a level 100 means?

fully awake

Conscious Monitor; what level means that the patient is good to start the procedure?

less than 60

Nerve Stimulator

• Device that stimulates a nerve and measures response
• Purpose: assess neuromuscular function and blockade

Arterial Lines used for:

• Measures blood pressure
• Frequently sampling for ABG ( arterial blood gas )

CVP lines

• Assess volume of blood returning to the heart
• Used to assess the need for fluid replacement and to prevent fluid overload

What is placed in the Vena CAVA?

Central venous pressure lines

CVP is about what?

patient hydration

Which vein are central veins?

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

which arteries are central arteries

aorta

What is often used during Cardiac surgery, Lung transplantation, Liver transplantation ?

Pulmonary Artery line

Pulmonary Artery line

• Swan-Ganz catheter : Pulmonary artery catheter
• Measures multiple types of pressures

Cardiac output is??

volume of blood leaving in one minute, 5 liter

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

• Used to assess cardiac function
• Probe is placed into esophagus, high frequency sound waves are emitted though tissue

Cauda block

In combination with general anesthesia for lower-extremity procedures in children

Retrobulbar block

• Used for surgery for the back of the eyeball (cataract)

Extremity block

• Carpal tunnel, trigger finger, or Dupuytren contracture

What is another name for Lidocaine?

Xylocaine

What is another name for Bupivacaine

Marcaine, Sensorcaine

Another name for Ropivacaine?

Naropin

Another name for Mepivacaine?

• Carbocaine , polocaine

Spinal Injection

• Injected into the subarachnoid space
• Effects entire lower body

Caudal Injection

• Injected in epidural space; sacrum
• Usually in Labor and Delivery

What is injected at a plexus of nerves

extremity block