Amnestic
an agent that produces memory impairment
Analgesia
absence of normal sense of pain
Anterograde
Memory impairment from the time an amnestic agent is administered
Anticholinergic
Agent that blocks the parasympathetic nerve impulses ; a parasympatholytic agent
Antisialagogue
An agent that reduces oral secretions (saliva)
Anxiolysis
process of relieving anxiety
Aspiration
any foreign bodies in the airway
Benzodiazepine
chemical classification of agents used as sedatives
NPO
nothing by mouth
opioid
“Refers to all drugs”, natural, sympathetic, or synthetic, having morphine-like actions (pain relief, pain killer)
Vagolysis
Blocking the effects of the vagus nerve ( cranial nerve #10 )
What relieves anxiety and relaxes muscles?
Sedatives -> benzodiazepines
Valium, Ativan, and versed are all considered as what?
sedatives
opioids are?
anlegesics and relieves pain
Morpine, Fentanyl, and meperidine are all considered as?
Analgesics -> opioids
What stops the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as blocking the Vagus nerve?
Anticholinergics
what is it called when the vagus nerve is blocked?
vagolysis
Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, and Scopolamine are all called?
Anticholinergic drugs
which medications decrease saliva secretion?
Atropine
which anticholinergic medication is the most common?
Atropine
What stops nausea and vomiting?
Gastric agents
What neutralizes the acid of the stomach?
Alkaline
Antacids and antimetics are?
Gastric agents
Which neutralizes the acid of the stomach?
Alkaline
What is acid production or neutralize existing gastric acid?
Antacids
when H2 receptors of the stomach is stimulated it?
makes acid release
Zantac, pepcid, and Tagamet are?
H2 blockers
what decreases the potential for nausea/vomiting?
antimetics
Zofran - with dexamethasone PRN is considered as a?
Steroid
Zofran and scopolamine are?
Antiemetic drugs
What increases the GI tract movement and decreases aspiration?
GI prokinetic
What is another name for Reglan?
Metoclopramide
What regulates the GI tract?
Reglan
Auscultation
Listening to the sounds of the body, especially heart and lungs
- >>> Heart, Lungs, Abdomen
Blood Pressure
Measuring the force of blood against the vessel walls
Drop in blood pressure in the way that vital organs wont receive enough blood is called
shock
Cardiogenic Shock
- When the heart suddenly can not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Hypovolemic Shock
- an emergency condition in which severe blood or other fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.
Septic shock
when the blood pressure drops dangerously low after an infection
Capnometry
Measure of expired carbon dioxide
- Very first sign of MH is increased exhaled CO2
- Effectiveness of patient respiration
Electrocardiography
- Process of recording electrical activity of the heart
What is used to record the heart rate and rhythm?
Electrocardiography
When injected between the bone and dura matter, this is considered as what type of injection?
epidural
Exsanguination
to rener bloodless
Intrathecally
pertaining to within the spinal canal used for spinal anesthesia
What is injected or applied topically to interrupt pain impulses at the nerve endings?
Local anesthesia
MAC means that?
different types of anesthesia is used at the same time
MAC stands for?
Monitored anesthesia care
Pulse oximetry
A measure of the oxygen saturation of the blood; also measures heart rate
Purpose: assess respiratory function
Oxygen saturation should be
95% - 100%
A method of anesthesia in which an agent is injected to block pain impulses a nerve plexus is called?
regional anesthesia
What is used to detect hypothermia and/or hyperthermia?
thermometer
What decreases metabolism?
hypothermia
What increases metabolism?
hyperthermia
Thermometer
Instrument to measure temperature
Consciousness Monitor
- Modified EEG
- Purpose: used to assess patient’s level of awareness
- Interprets and displays a reading between 0 and 100
Conscious Monitor; a level 0 means?
unconscious
Conscious Monitor; a level 100 means?
fully awake
Conscious Monitor; what level means that the patient is good to start the procedure?
less than 60
Nerve Stimulator
- Device that stimulates a nerve and measures response
- Purpose: assess neuromuscular function and blockade
Arterial Lines used for:
- Measures blood pressure
- Frequently sampling for ABG ( arterial blood gas )
CVP lines
- Assess volume of blood returning to the heart
- Used to assess the need for fluid replacement and to prevent fluid overload
What is placed in the Vena CAVA?
Central venous pressure lines
CVP is about what?
patient hydration
Which vein are central veins?
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
which arteries are central arteries
aorta
What is often used during Cardiac surgery, Lung transplantation, Liver transplantation ?
Pulmonary Artery line
Pulmonary Artery line
- Swan-Ganz catheter : Pulmonary artery catheter
- Measures multiple types of pressures
Cardiac output is??
volume of blood leaving in one minute, 5 liter
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
- Used to assess cardiac function
- Probe is placed into esophagus, high frequency sound waves are emitted though tissue
Cauda block
In combination with general anesthesia for lower-extremity procedures in children
Retrobulbar block
- Used for surgery for the back of the eyeball (cataract)
Extremity block
- Carpal tunnel, trigger finger, or Dupuytren contracture
What is another name for Lidocaine?
Xylocaine
What is another name for Bupivacaine
Marcaine, Sensorcaine
Another name for Ropivacaine?
Naropin
Another name for Mepivacaine?
- Carbocaine , polocaine
Spinal Injection
- Injected into the subarachnoid space
- Effects entire lower body
Caudal Injection
- Injected in epidural space; sacrum
- Usually in Labor and Delivery
What is injected at a plexus of nerves
extremity block