The phrase Hundred Days refers to the

flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.

One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that

African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.

The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was

African Americans.

The Glass-Steagall Act

created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was

the collapse of nearly the entire banking system.

Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by

closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.

The single most popular New Deal program was probably the

Civilian Conservation Corps.

All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except

many of the men had had criminal records.

The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the

National Recovery Administration.

President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was

Harry Hopkins.

Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to

"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000.

Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because

he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.

The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by

taxing processors of farm products.

Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.

shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition

All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except

farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.

In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to

help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by

reducing agricultural production.

The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they

still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley.

The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to

provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices.

The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to

provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry.

The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except

health care for the poor.

The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that

gave labor the right to bargain collectively.

President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court

more sympathetic to New Deal programs.

As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession

Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for

providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism.

Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.

affliction with infantile paralysis

During the 1930's

the national debt doubled.

After President Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court

the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.

The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to

unskilled workers.

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to

reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government.

Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through

her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations.

In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by

experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933

he received unprecedented congressional support.

Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to

stimulate inflation.

The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because

it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.

By 1938, the New Deal

had lost most of its momentum.

The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to

the private electrical utility industry.

Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of

anthropology.

Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the

Tennessee Valley Authority.

While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to

an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible.

Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because

any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression.

The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that

the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.

The Potsdam conference

issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.

The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of

Midway.

One of the most valuable contributions of Native Americans to the war effort was

as code talkers who transmitted war messages into their native languages.

African Americans did all of the following during World War II except

fight in integrated combat units.

The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to

the establishment of day-care centers by the government.

While most American workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the

United Mine Workers.

During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ____ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia.

rubber

Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well in check during the war by

federally imposed wage and price controls.

The impact of World War II on many of the New Deal programs launched during the Great Depression was that they

were retired due to wartime production.

All of the following are true statements about the effect of Executive Order No. 9066 on Japanese living in the U.S. except

The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional.

The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to

concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner.

Those opposed to the Lend-Lease program, such as members of Massachusetts' Woman's Political Club, feared that

it would eventually draw the nation into the war itself.

Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his

belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.

Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union

Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.

In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by

the realization that the islands were economic liabilities.

In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,

Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in

a wave of protest by isolationists.

The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

increased America's foreign trade.

As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of

removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama.

Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly

in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.

As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference

the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.

Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II

were further assimilated into American society.

Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

retreating further into isolationism.

Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to the United States were largely blocked by

restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern Democrats and the State Department.

During the 1930s, the United States admitted _________ Jewish refugees from Nazism.

about 150,000

Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to

pass a conscription law.

In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States

eight valuable naval bases in the Western hemisphere.

By 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor

providing Britain "all aid short of war."

The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was

Wendell L. Wilkie

When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States

made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.

By 1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt absolutely insisted that Japan

withdraw from China.

Once at war, America's first great challenge was to

retool its industry for all-out war production.

Historians look to the fact that many women wanted to keep working and did after the war as

foreshadowing the eventual revolution in women's roles in America.

Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II

as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear.

The first naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of

the Coral Sea.

In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of

island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.

The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because

the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France.

Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of ________, after which his fortunes gradually declined.

Stalingrad

Until Spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was

was that German U-boats would destroy Allied shipping.

The American conquest of _______ in 1944 was especially critical, because from there, U.S. aircraft could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands.

Guam

Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence on the absolute and "unconditional surrender" of Germany

guaranteed that Germany would have to be totally reconstructed after the war.

When the United States entered World War II in December 1941

a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.

About half of the women war workers said that the main reason they left the labor force at the end of World War II was

family obligations.

During World War II, most Americans economically experienced

prosperity and a doubling of personal income.

During World War II, American Indians

moved off reservations in large numbers.

The northward migration of African Americans accelerated after World War II because

mechanical cotton pickers came into use.

The national debt increased most during

World War II.

President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by the end of 1942

proved utterly impossible to keep.

After the Italian surrender in August 1943, the

German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.

The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it

delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.

At the wartime Teheran Conference

plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.

The cross channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by

Dwight Eisenhower.

The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944 was that

Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace, was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman.

Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and the British came in

the Battle of the Bulge.

As result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf

Japan was finished as a naval power.

The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by

agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.

Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II?

A higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation.

Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through

borrowing