The phrase Hundred Days refers to the
flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.
One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that
African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.
The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was
African Americans.
The Glass-Steagall Act
created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.
The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was
the collapse of nearly the entire banking system.
Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by
closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.
The single most popular New Deal program was probably the
Civilian Conservation Corps.
All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except
many of the men had had criminal records.
The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the
National Recovery Administration.
President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was
Harry Hopkins.
Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to
"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000.
Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because
he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.
The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by
taxing processors of farm products.
Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.
shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition
All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except
farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.
In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to
help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by
reducing agricultural production.
The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they
still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley.
The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to
provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices.
The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to
provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry.
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except
health care for the poor.
The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that
gave labor the right to bargain collectively.
President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court
more sympathetic to New Deal programs.
As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession
Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics.
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for
providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism.
Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.
affliction with infantile paralysis
During the 1930's
the national debt doubled.
After President Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court
the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.
The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to
unskilled workers.
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to
reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government.
Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through
her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations.
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.
When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933
he received unprecedented congressional support.
Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to
stimulate inflation.
The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because
it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.
By 1938, the New Deal
had lost most of its momentum.
The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to
the private electrical utility industry.
Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of
anthropology.
Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the
Tennessee Valley Authority.
While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to
an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible.
Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because
any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression.
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that
the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.
The Potsdam conference
issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of
Midway.
One of the most valuable contributions of Native Americans to the war effort was
as code talkers who transmitted war messages into their native languages.
African Americans did all of the following during World War II except
fight in integrated combat units.
The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to
the establishment of day-care centers by the government.
While most American workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the
United Mine Workers.
During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ____ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia.
rubber
Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well in check during the war by
federally imposed wage and price controls.
The impact of World War II on many of the New Deal programs launched during the Great Depression was that they
were retired due to wartime production.
All of the following are true statements about the effect of Executive Order No. 9066 on Japanese living in the U.S. except
The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional.
The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to
concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner.
Those opposed to the Lend-Lease program, such as members of Massachusetts' Woman's Political Club, feared that
it would eventually draw the nation into the war itself.
Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his
belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.
Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union
Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by
the realization that the islands were economic liabilities.
In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,
Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in
a wave of protest by isolationists.
The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
increased America's foreign trade.
As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of
removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama.
Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly
in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.
As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference
the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II
were further assimilated into American society.
Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
retreating further into isolationism.
Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to the United States were largely blocked by
restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern Democrats and the State Department.
During the 1930s, the United States admitted _________ Jewish refugees from Nazism.
about 150,000
Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to
pass a conscription law.
In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States
eight valuable naval bases in the Western hemisphere.
By 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor
providing Britain "all aid short of war."
The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was
Wendell L. Wilkie
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States
made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.
By 1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt absolutely insisted that Japan
withdraw from China.
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
retool its industry for all-out war production.
Historians look to the fact that many women wanted to keep working and did after the war as
foreshadowing the eventual revolution in women's roles in America.
Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II
as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear.
The first naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
the Coral Sea.
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of
island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.
The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because
the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France.
Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of ________, after which his fortunes gradually declined.
Stalingrad
Until Spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was
was that German U-boats would destroy Allied shipping.
The American conquest of _______ in 1944 was especially critical, because from there, U.S. aircraft could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands.
Guam
Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence on the absolute and "unconditional surrender" of Germany
guaranteed that Germany would have to be totally reconstructed after the war.
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941
a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.
About half of the women war workers said that the main reason they left the labor force at the end of World War II was
family obligations.
During World War II, most Americans economically experienced
prosperity and a doubling of personal income.
During World War II, American Indians
moved off reservations in large numbers.
The northward migration of African Americans accelerated after World War II because
mechanical cotton pickers came into use.
The national debt increased most during
World War II.
President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by the end of 1942
proved utterly impossible to keep.
After the Italian surrender in August 1943, the
German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it
delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.
At the wartime Teheran Conference
plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.
The cross channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by
Dwight Eisenhower.
The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944 was that
Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace, was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman.
Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and the British came in
the Battle of the Bulge.
As result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Japan was finished as a naval power.
The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by
agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.
Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II?
A higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation.
Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through
borrowing