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Pharm Exam 3

1.

What are antiemetic drugs?

drugs for treatment of nausea and vomiting

2.

What is nausea?

a feeling of sickness that may cause urge to vomit

3.

What are the 5 neurotransmitters that affect the vomiting central of the brain?

dopamine, serotonin, histamine, acetylcholine, substance P

4.

Serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3) have what suffix?

setron

5.

What might substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonist cause?

neutropenia

6.

Promethazine is what type of drug?

dopamine antagonists

7.

When would you usually give serotonin antagonists?

before chemotherapy or after surgery

8.

Patients receiving chemotherapy should not use what type of medications?

over the counter medications

9.

aprepitant and fosaprepitant are what type of drug?

substance P/neurokinin antagonists

10.

What is a side effect of substance P/ neurokinin antagonists?

decreased neutrophil count

11.

A patient taking dopamine antagonists (phenothiazines) should do what at home?

ask for help when getting up or changing positions

12.

Dopamine antagonists and Promotility drugs may cause what type of symptoms?

extrapyramidal symptoms

13.

What are extrapyramidal symptoms?

Pseudoparkinsonism - shuffling, propulsive gait, masklike face, drooling

Akathisia - continuous restlessness and fidgeting

acute dystonia - facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movement

tardive dyskinesia: smacking of lips, chewing motion, facial dyskinesia

14.

Dronabinol is what type of drug?

cannabinoids

15.

Cannabinoids should be reserved for what type of patients?

patients who continue to have nausea and vomiting who do not respond to other categories of antiemetics

16.

When taking cannabinoids what should a patient avoid and why?

avoid alcohol, sedatives, or other CNS depressants because they may increase the risk

17.

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is what type of drug?

promotility drugs

18.

What is metoclopramide (Reglan) used for?

used to increase contraction of the upper GI tract to move contents more quickly through the tract

19.

Promotility drugs may cause what?

suicidal ideation and orthostatic hypotension

20.

What are recommendations you should give to a patient with peptic ulcer disease or GERD?

stop smoking, avoid alcohol and NSAIDs, eat smaller portions, don't eat within 3 hours of bedtime

21.

What do antacids do?

neutralize stomach acid and increase gastric pH

22.

What suffix do histamine 2 receptor antagonists have?

tidine

23.

What do Histamine receptor antagonists do?

decrease production of stomach acid

24.

What do proton pump inhibitors do?

block acid secreting pumps inside the stomach

25.

What suffix do proton pump inhibitors have?

prozole

26.

What do cryoprotective drugs do?

attach to the stomach ulcer to protect it from damage due to acid

27.

What are the common ingredients in antacids?

aluminum, calcium and magnesium

28.

Aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate may cause?

constipation

29.

Magnesium hydroxide may cause?

diarrhea

30.

What is magnesium hydroxide?

antacid and laxative

31.

If a patient takes magnesium hydroxide what may it cause?

hypermagnesemia

32.

What are side effects of hypermagnesemia?

weak muscles and bradycardia

33.

When is the best time to take antacids?

between meals and at bedtime or one hour after meals and before bedtime

34.

When should you take other medications when taking antacids?

one hour before or two hours after taking the antacid

35.

What are side effects and adverse effects of Histamine H2 receptor antagonists?

sedation, change in mental status, and increase risk of pneumonia

36.

Cimetidine can increase the levels of what other drugs?

warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline and lidocaine

37.

What levels should you monitor if your patient is taking cimetidine?

INR and PT

38.

What are side effects and adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors?

sedation, photosensitivity, increase risk of osteoporosis and fractures, and increase risk of pneumonia

39.

What do laxative treat?

constipation

40.

What should you recommend to your patient with constipation?

take 6-8 glasses of water everyday, high fiber diet, regular exercise

41.

Why do you hesitate to give laxatives?

can cause burning sensation, abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance, causes diarrhea, increases risk of intestinal rupture

42.

Psyllium is what type of laxative?

bulk-forming laxative

43.

Bulk-forming laxative can treat?

both constipation and diarrhea

44.

Docusate sodium is what type of laxative?

surfactant laxative

45.

What do surfactant laxatives do?

lower surface tension of the stool to allow penetration of water to make the stool softer

46.

How do stimulant laxatives work?

stimulate the intestinal peristalsis and increase the amount of water and electrolytes within the intestinal lumen

47.

Bisacodyl is what type of laxative?

stimulant laxative

48.

Stimulant laxatives should not be taken with what?

milk, dairy products and calcium

49.

If your patient has been taking Bisacodyl for a few days what blood level should you check?

potassium

50.

What kind of patients should not take laxatives and why?

patients with congestive heart failure or high blood pressure due to the sodium it contains

51.

You should give high dose of osmotic laxatives to what kind of patients?

patients preparing for surgery or diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy and Barium Enema

52.

What are contraindications for laxatives?

patients who have any abdominal condition such as bowel obstruction or fecal impaction

53.

What should you give a patient with diarrhea?

water and electrolytes

54.

How long should you give antidiarrheal for?

only for 1 or 2 days and no longer

55.

Dicyclomine is what type of antidiarrheal?

anticholinergic

56.

Diphenoxylate and loperamide are what type of antidiarrheal?

opioid agonists

57.

Diphenoxylate is what type of substance?

controlled substance

58.

What type of patients should never receive dicyclomine?

patients with history of glaucoma