front 1 What are antiemetic drugs? | back 1 drugs for treatment of nausea and vomiting |
front 2 What is nausea? | back 2 a feeling of sickness that may cause urge to vomit |
front 3 What are the 5 neurotransmitters that affect the vomiting central of the brain? | back 3 dopamine, serotonin, histamine, acetylcholine, substance P |
front 4 Serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3) have what suffix? | back 4 setron |
front 5 What might substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonist cause? | back 5 neutropenia |
front 6 Promethazine is what type of drug? | back 6 dopamine antagonists |
front 7 When would you usually give serotonin antagonists? | back 7 before chemotherapy or after surgery |
front 8 Patients receiving chemotherapy should not use what type of medications? | back 8 over the counter medications |
front 9 aprepitant and fosaprepitant are what type of drug? | back 9 substance P/neurokinin antagonists |
front 10 What is a side effect of substance P/ neurokinin antagonists? | back 10 decreased neutrophil count |
front 11 A patient taking dopamine antagonists (phenothiazines) should do what at home? | back 11 ask for help when getting up or changing positions |
front 12 Dopamine antagonists and Promotility drugs may cause what type of symptoms? | back 12 extrapyramidal symptoms |
front 13 What are extrapyramidal symptoms? | back 13 Pseudoparkinsonism - shuffling, propulsive gait, masklike face, drooling Akathisia - continuous restlessness and fidgeting acute dystonia - facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movement tardive dyskinesia: smacking of lips, chewing motion, facial dyskinesia |
front 14 Dronabinol is what type of drug? | back 14 cannabinoids |
front 15 Cannabinoids should be reserved for what type of patients? | back 15 patients who continue to have nausea and vomiting who do not respond to other categories of antiemetics |
front 16 When taking cannabinoids what should a patient avoid and why? | back 16 avoid alcohol, sedatives, or other CNS depressants because they may increase the risk |
front 17 Metoclopramide (Reglan) is what type of drug? | back 17 promotility drugs |
front 18 What is metoclopramide (Reglan) used for? | back 18 used to increase contraction of the upper GI tract to move contents more quickly through the tract |
front 19 Promotility drugs may cause what? | back 19 suicidal ideation and orthostatic hypotension |
front 20 What are recommendations you should give to a patient with peptic ulcer disease or GERD? | back 20 stop smoking, avoid alcohol and NSAIDs, eat smaller portions, don't eat within 3 hours of bedtime |
front 21 What do antacids do? | back 21 neutralize stomach acid and increase gastric pH |
front 22 What suffix do histamine 2 receptor antagonists have? | back 22 tidine |
front 23 What do Histamine receptor antagonists do? | back 23 decrease production of stomach acid |
front 24 What do proton pump inhibitors do? | back 24 block acid secreting pumps inside the stomach |
front 25 What suffix do proton pump inhibitors have? | back 25 prozole |
front 26 What do cryoprotective drugs do? | back 26 attach to the stomach ulcer to protect it from damage due to acid |
front 27 What are the common ingredients in antacids? | back 27 aluminum, calcium and magnesium |
front 28 Aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate may cause? | back 28 constipation |
front 29 Magnesium hydroxide may cause? | back 29 diarrhea |
front 30 What is magnesium hydroxide? | back 30 antacid and laxative |
front 31 If a patient takes magnesium hydroxide what may it cause? | back 31 hypermagnesemia |
front 32 What are side effects of hypermagnesemia? | back 32 weak muscles and bradycardia |
front 33 When is the best time to take antacids? | back 33 between meals and at bedtime or one hour after meals and before bedtime |
front 34 When should you take other medications when taking antacids? | back 34 one hour before or two hours after taking the antacid |
front 35 What are side effects and adverse effects of Histamine H2 receptor antagonists? | back 35 sedation, change in mental status, and increase risk of pneumonia |
front 36 Cimetidine can increase the levels of what other drugs? | back 36 warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline and lidocaine |
front 37 What levels should you monitor if your patient is taking cimetidine? | back 37 INR and PT |
front 38 What are side effects and adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors? | back 38 sedation, photosensitivity, increase risk of osteoporosis and fractures, and increase risk of pneumonia |
front 39 What do laxative treat? | back 39 constipation |
front 40 What should you recommend to your patient with constipation? | back 40 take 6-8 glasses of water everyday, high fiber diet, regular exercise |
front 41 Why do you hesitate to give laxatives? | back 41 can cause burning sensation, abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance, causes diarrhea, increases risk of intestinal rupture |
front 42 Psyllium is what type of laxative? | back 42 bulk-forming laxative |
front 43 Bulk-forming laxative can treat? | back 43 both constipation and diarrhea |
front 44 Docusate sodium is what type of laxative? | back 44 surfactant laxative |
front 45 What do surfactant laxatives do? | back 45 lower surface tension of the stool to allow penetration of water to make the stool softer |
front 46 How do stimulant laxatives work? | back 46 stimulate the intestinal peristalsis and increase the amount of water and electrolytes within the intestinal lumen |
front 47 Bisacodyl is what type of laxative? | back 47 stimulant laxative |
front 48 Stimulant laxatives should not be taken with what? | back 48 milk, dairy products and calcium |
front 49 If your patient has been taking Bisacodyl for a few days what blood level should you check? | back 49 potassium |
front 50 What kind of patients should not take laxatives and why? | back 50 patients with congestive heart failure or high blood pressure due to the sodium it contains |
front 51 You should give high dose of osmotic laxatives to what kind of patients? | back 51 patients preparing for surgery or diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy and Barium Enema |
front 52 What are contraindications for laxatives? | back 52 patients who have any abdominal condition such as bowel obstruction or fecal impaction |
front 53 What should you give a patient with diarrhea? | back 53 water and electrolytes |
front 54 How long should you give antidiarrheal for? | back 54 only for 1 or 2 days and no longer |
front 55 Dicyclomine is what type of antidiarrheal? | back 55 anticholinergic |
front 56 Diphenoxylate and loperamide are what type of antidiarrheal? | back 56 opioid agonists |
front 57 Diphenoxylate is what type of substance? | back 57 controlled substance |
front 58 What type of patients should never receive dicyclomine? | back 58 patients with history of glaucoma |