where does photosynthesis occur?

in the chloroplasts

photo(light) reactions

gathers energy from the sun

synthesis(building)

reactions of carbohydrates

the equation of photosynthesis is the reverse of

respiration equation

equation for photsynthesis

Co2 + H2O + light energy .> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

photoautotrophs

organisms that do photosynthesis. they make their own molecules using sunlight energy as an energy source

Autotrophs

make their own food

does oxygen come from water or CO2 in basic photosynthesis?

WATER

what does photosynthesis power?

the biosphere

what does chloroplasts contain that give plants their green color?

chlorophyll, a green pigment

is chlorophyll found in all plants?

NO.

where is chlorophyll mainly found?

in the mesophyll layer

what do plant leaves contain?

they contain stomata ( stoma plural )

what is the stomata

the openings for gas exchange

what goes into the stoma?

CO2

what goes out of the stoma ?

O2

thylakoids

contains chlorophyll ( green pigment ) composed of thylakoid membrane surrounding thylakoid lumin

what are stacks of thylakoid called?

granum

Stroma

liquidy material surrounding thylakoids

what is inside the thylakoid membrane

thylakoid lumin

what is the site of photo(light) reactions ?

thylakoid

what is the site of light independent reactions or synthesis reactions?

the stroma

where are pigments embedded ?

in the thylakoids membrane

what is the main pigment ?

chlorophyll A

what are accessory pigments?

chlorophyll B, carotenoids, xanthophyll, cyanins

why is the thylakoids embedded in the membrane?

it is mostly all hydrocarbon

porphyrin ring, also referred to as antenna complex

pigments shaped liked a kite.

whats at the center of porphyrin ring?

a magnesium atom

2 stages of photosynthesis reactions

photo(light) dependent and synthesis(light) independent

photo ( light ) dependent reaction

occur in thylakoids, and produce ATP but used in light independent reactions to build carbohydrates, NADPH, and O2

type of light dependent reactions

non-cyclic phosphorylation

phosphorylation

addition of phosphate

photo

using light energy for the addition of phosphate group

phosphorylation uses ATP to make energy from?

light

synthesis ( light )independent reactions

, also referred to as the calvin cycle, and carbon fixation cycle. They use the energy from light reactions to build sugars

2 ways to look at light energy

waves//particle

Waves

theres short and long wavelengths, each one represents a different color

wavelength

the distance from peak of 1 wave to the peak of another

shorter waves have

MORE energy

longer wavelengths have

LESS energy

what is a particle

a photon, a particle of light

Sun

a mixture of many wavelengths called white light, which is all of the wavelengths together

what happens when light hits an object

some wavelengths are absorbed some are reflected

white objects _

reflect all wavelengths

black objects _

absorb all wavelengths

photosynthetic pigment absorb..

some light energy and reflect others

why are plants green

they reflect green wavelengths

what is not part of chloroplasts?

Matrix, its in the mitochondria

what happens when a pigment absorbs light?

the energy in the photon is transferred to an electron

what happens when a photon of light hits e- in the 2nd shell?

It gives in a lot more energy so the e- jumps to the higher shell

what can happen when a high energy e- jumps to a higher shell?

It can either emit a less energetic photon OR the e- can get transfered to another molecule ( electron acceptor ) with exactly the right shell so that it stablizes the e- ( this all happens in the PIGMENT )

what happens when a photon of light hits magnesium ?

the electron ( e- ) in magnesium gets boosted to a higher energy level, then gets passed to e- acceptor molecule stabilizing the energy In that e-

where do light reactions occur?

in the thylakoids membrane

what is more likely to get hit with a photon?

chlorophyll B

what sticks out of the thylakoids membrane?

the porphyrin ring

what are 3 energy carriers of photosynthesis?

NADP+, NADH, and ATP

NADP+

similar to NAD+ just with P- ( photosynthesis )

NAD+

gets reduced to NADH which carries high energy electrons to the calvin cycle

ATP

also used as an energy source in the calvin cycle