where does photosynthesis occur?
in the chloroplasts
photo(light) reactions
gathers energy from the sun
synthesis(building)
reactions of carbohydrates
the equation of photosynthesis is the reverse of
respiration equation
equation for photsynthesis
Co2 + H2O + light energy .> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
photoautotrophs
organisms that do photosynthesis. they make their own molecules using sunlight energy as an energy source
Autotrophs
make their own food
does oxygen come from water or CO2 in basic photosynthesis?
WATER
what does photosynthesis power?
the biosphere
what does chloroplasts contain that give plants their green color?
chlorophyll, a green pigment
is chlorophyll found in all plants?
NO.
where is chlorophyll mainly found?
in the mesophyll layer
what do plant leaves contain?
they contain stomata ( stoma plural )
what is the stomata
the openings for gas exchange
what goes into the stoma?
CO2
what goes out of the stoma ?
O2
thylakoids
contains chlorophyll ( green pigment ) composed of thylakoid membrane surrounding thylakoid lumin
what are stacks of thylakoid called?
granum
Stroma
liquidy material surrounding thylakoids
what is inside the thylakoid membrane
thylakoid lumin
what is the site of photo(light) reactions ?
thylakoid
what is the site of light independent reactions or synthesis reactions?
the stroma
where are pigments embedded ?
in the thylakoids membrane
what is the main pigment ?
chlorophyll A
what are accessory pigments?
chlorophyll B, carotenoids, xanthophyll, cyanins
why is the thylakoids embedded in the membrane?
it is mostly all hydrocarbon
porphyrin ring, also referred to as antenna complex
pigments shaped liked a kite.
whats at the center of porphyrin ring?
a magnesium atom
2 stages of photosynthesis reactions
photo(light) dependent and synthesis(light) independent
photo ( light ) dependent reaction
occur in thylakoids, and produce ATP but used in light independent reactions to build carbohydrates, NADPH, and O2
type of light dependent reactions
non-cyclic phosphorylation
phosphorylation
addition of phosphate
photo
using light energy for the addition of phosphate group
phosphorylation uses ATP to make energy from?
light
synthesis ( light )independent reactions
, also referred to as the calvin cycle, and carbon fixation cycle. They use the energy from light reactions to build sugars
2 ways to look at light energy
waves//particle
Waves
theres short and long wavelengths, each one represents a different color
wavelength
the distance from peak of 1 wave to the peak of another
shorter waves have
MORE energy
longer wavelengths have
LESS energy
what is a particle
a photon, a particle of light
Sun
a mixture of many wavelengths called white light, which is all of the wavelengths together
what happens when light hits an object
some wavelengths are absorbed some are reflected
white objects _
reflect all wavelengths
black objects _
absorb all wavelengths
photosynthetic pigment absorb..
some light energy and reflect others
why are plants green
they reflect green wavelengths
what is not part of chloroplasts?
Matrix, its in the mitochondria
what happens when a pigment absorbs light?
the energy in the photon is transferred to an electron
what happens when a photon of light hits e- in the 2nd shell?
It gives in a lot more energy so the e- jumps to the higher shell
what can happen when a high energy e- jumps to a higher shell?
It can either emit a less energetic photon OR the e- can get transfered to another molecule ( electron acceptor ) with exactly the right shell so that it stablizes the e- ( this all happens in the PIGMENT )
what happens when a photon of light hits magnesium ?
the electron ( e- ) in magnesium gets boosted to a higher energy level, then gets passed to e- acceptor molecule stabilizing the energy In that e-
where do light reactions occur?
in the thylakoids membrane
what is more likely to get hit with a photon?
chlorophyll B
what sticks out of the thylakoids membrane?
the porphyrin ring
what are 3 energy carriers of photosynthesis?
NADP+, NADH, and ATP
NADP+
similar to NAD+ just with P- ( photosynthesis )
NAD+
gets reduced to NADH which carries high energy electrons to the calvin cycle
ATP
also used as an energy source in the calvin cycle