An environment may contain some microbes and still be considered sterile.

True

Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents that damage
cytoplasmic membranes.

True

UV light has the most effect on protein structure.

False

Antimicrobial agents usually work best at high temperatures and pH levels.

False

The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial
agent's effectiveness.

False

No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions.

False

The decimal reduction time is the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample.

False

Slow freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than quick freezing.

True

Hydrogen peroxide is an effective antiseptic.

False

By themselves, soaps have only degerming activity, not antimicrobial activity.

True

Reactions that are both catabolic and anabolic are
amphibolic

True

NAD+ and NADP+ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers

True

Environmental changes can result in the inactivation of
enzymes.

True

As the concentration of substrate increases, the activity of the enzyme decreases

False

Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the
ribosome

False

During chemiosmosis, electrons are pumped across a membrane to produce ATP

False

Fermentation pathways provide a cell with an alternative way to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.

True

Glucose is used as an energy source only when proteins and fats are not available.

False

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

True

The pentose phosphate pathway generates all the necessary precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis.

False

Paul Erhlich coined the term antibiotics for the "magic bullet" antimicrobials he pursued

False

Antisense nucleic acids are designed to have no side effects against humans

True

Beta-lactam drugs act by inhibiting formation of the cytoplasmic membrane

False

Because all cells engage in protein synthesis, there are few antimicrobial drugs that selectively inhibit this process.

False

Many antimicrobial drugs that affect the cytoplasmic membrane are used only externally because they can be toxic to humans

True

Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the
drugs out of the cell

True

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.

False

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the concentration of the drug was
bactericidal

False

Brain and spinal cord infections are difficult to treat because most antimicrobial drugs cannot diffuse out of the blood into these organs

True

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver

True