General Plant Kingdom characteristics

 Photosynthetic autotrophs
 Eukaryotic
 Cell wall-cellulose
 Carbohydrate storage is starch
 Chlorophylls A & B

Plants will alternate between

haploid and diploid stages

bryophytes” will be

haploid dominant = 1N = gametophytes

“tracheophytes” will be

diploid dominant = 2N =sporophyte

Bryophytes

non-vascular; no phloem, no xylem, no roots, no leaves, no stems

need diffusion

short and found in moist

PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA-MOSSES

mosses

haploid dominant

Diploid has no chlorophyll so stays attached to female gametophytes

no roots, leaves or stems

PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA-LIVERWORT

PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA-
HORNWORTS

Tracheophytes

 Plant group that now has vascular tissue
 Vascular tissue allows these plants to grow considerably taller than
bryophytes
 Still produces sperm, therefore must grow where moist
 Diploid is now the dominant stage
 Most will have true roots, stems, & leaves
 Can have secondary cell walls made of lignin; enhances support

Tracheophytes-Phyla Lycophyta &
Monilophyta

these two phyla still produce sperm, so still found in moist areas
 Much taller than byrophytes

Phylum Lycophyta-Club Mosses

Tracheophytes-seedbearing
Advanced plants

 Vascular tissue still allows for considerable height increase over
bryophytes
 Major advancement = swapped sperm for pollen
 Pollen can be dessicated with no ill effect
 Pollenators needed: wind, bats, bugs, etc...
 Can inhabit more arid environments

Gymnosperms
naked seed

 Does not produce fruit to encase/protect the seed(s)
 Megaspore = egg
 Microspore = pollen