carbohydrates

provides cell with quick, short-term energy

lipids

provides cells with long term energy, make up the biological membrane

proteins

provide cellular structure, sends chemical signals and speeds up chemical reactions

nucleic acids

store and pass on genetic information

monomer

small units that can join with other small units to make polymer

polymer

A chain of monomers

monosaccharides

simple sugar

polysaccharides

complex sugar

enzyme

a type of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions

activation energy

energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

substrate

a reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

active site

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction

diffusion

a random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

facilitated diffusion

the process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane

passive transport

molecules spreading out from an aread of high concentration to low without using energy

active transport

movement from an area of low to high concentration using energy

Endoplasmic reticulum

transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding

macromolecules

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms,

Cell theory

fundamental scientific theory of biology according to which cells are held to be the basic units of all living tissues.