carbohydrates
provides cell with quick, short-term energy
lipids
provides cells with long term energy, make up the biological membrane
proteins
provide cellular structure, sends chemical signals and speeds up chemical reactions
nucleic acids
store and pass on genetic information
monomer
small units that can join with other small units to make polymer
polymer
A chain of monomers
monosaccharides
simple sugar
polysaccharides
complex sugar
enzyme
a type of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions
activation energy
energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin
substrate
a reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
active site
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction
diffusion
a random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
facilitated diffusion
the process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane
passive transport
molecules spreading out from an aread of high concentration to low without using energy
active transport
movement from an area of low to high concentration using energy
Endoplasmic reticulum
transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding
macromolecules
a molecule containing a very large number of atoms,
Cell theory
fundamental scientific theory of biology according to which cells are held to be the basic units of all living tissues.