Biguanides

Glucophage- Metformin

Metfomin MOA

Side Effects

Contraindications

Lowers glucose produced in the liver

SE: Diarrhea

C: GRF < 30, iodine wait > 48 hours

Sulfonylureas

- glip

Glimepiride- Amaryl

Glipizide-

Glipizide extended release- Glucotrol XL

Sulfonylureas MOA

Side Effects

Contraindications

Helps beta cells release insulin

SE:

C:

Metaglinides

- glinide

Nateglinide- Starlix

Repaglinide- Prandin

Metaglinides MOA

Side Effects

Contraindications

Helps beta cells release insulin

SE:

C:

TZDs

Pioglitazone- Actos

TZDs MOA

Side Effects

Contraindications

Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat ( more sensitivity)

Lowers glucose production in liver

SE:

C:

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Acarbose- Precose

Miglitol- Glyset

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors MOA

SE:

C:

lower blood glucose by delaying the digestion and absorption of complex carbohydrates

SE: flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain from the presence of undigested carbohydrates in the lower gastrointestinal tract

DPP-4 Inhibitors

- gliptin

Sitagliptin- Januvia

Linagliptin- Tradjenta

Saxagliptin- Onglyza

Alogliptin- Nesina

DPP-4 Inhibitors MOA

SE

Contraindications

cleaves and inactivates peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), incretin hormones, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

SE:

C: pancreatitis, DKA,