According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this
pathway?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) It cannot be determined from the pathway.

2

A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence
of that mutation?
A) an accumulation of A and no production of B and C
B) an accumulation of A and B and no production of C
C) an accumulation of B and no production of A and C
D) an accumulation of B and C and no production of A
E) an accumulation of C and no production of A and B

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding
enzyme A would be able to grow on which of the following media?
A) minimal medium
B) minimal medium supplemented with nutrient A only
C) minimal medium supplemented with nutrient B only
D) minimal medium supplemented with nutrient C only
E) minimal medium supplemented with nutrients A and C

minimal medium supplemented with nutrient B only

If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme B
would be capable of growing on which of the following media?
A) minimal medium
B) minimal medium supplemented with A only
C) minimal medium supplemented with B only
D) minimal medium supplemented with C only
E) minimal medium supplemented with nutrients A and B

minimal medium supplemented with C only

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the
polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be
A) 5' TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3'
B) 3' AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5'
C) 5' AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3'
D) 3' AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5'
E) 3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'

3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'

21

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6) What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'
A) met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg
B) met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu
C) met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
E) met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the following
sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?
A) 3' UUU-CCC-AAA-GGG-UUU-CCC
B) 3' AUG-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG
C) 5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC
D) 5' GGG-AAA-TTT-AAA-CCC-ACT-GGG
E) 5' ACT-TAC-CAT-AAA-CAT-TAC-UGA

5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC

Given the locally unwound double strand in Figure 14.3, in which direction does the RNA
polymerase move?
A) 3' → 5' along the template strand
B) 5' → 3' along the template strand
C) 3' → 5' along the complementary strand
D) 5' → 3'; along the complementary strand
E) 5' → 3' along the double-stranded DNA

3' → 5' along the template strand

In the transcription event of the previous DNA, where would the promoter be located?
A) at the 3' end of the newly made RNA
B) to the right of the template strand
C) to the left of the template strand
D) to the right of the sense strand
E) to the left of the sense strand

to the right of the template strand

The dipeptide that will form will be
A) cysteine-alanine.
B) proline-threonine.
C) glycine-cysteine.
D) alanine-alanine.
E) threonine-glycine.

proline-threonine.

The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA is
A) 3' GGC 5'
B) 5' GGC 3'
C) 5' ACG 3'.
D) 5' UGC 3'.
E) 3' UGC 5'.

3' GGC 5'

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule in
Figure 14.5?
A) covalent bonding between sulfur atoms
B) ionic bonding between phosphates
C) hydrogen bonding between base pairs
D) van der Waals interactions between hydrogen atoms
E) peptide bonding between amino acids

hydrogen bonding between base pairs

Figure 14.5 represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this
instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?
A) UGG
B) GUG
C) GUA
D) UUC
E) CAU

UUC

The tRNA shown in Figure 14.5 has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5 end. What will occur
at this 3' end?
A) The codon and anticodon complement one another.
B) The amino acid binds covalently.
C) The excess nucleotides (ACCA) will be cleaved off at the ribosome.
D) The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it.
E) The 5' cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound.

The amino acid binds covalently.

The enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase randomly assembles nucleotides into a
polynucleotide polymer.
You add polynucleotide phosphorylase to a solution of adenosine triphosphate and guanosine
triphosphate. How many artificial mRNA 3 nucleotide codons would be possible?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 64

8

You add polynucleotide phosphorylase to a solution of ATP, GTP, and UTP. How many
artificial mRNA 3 nucleotide codons would be possible?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 27
E) 81

27

A transfer RNA (#1) attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome. The lysine binds to
the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2) already in the ribosome.
3) Where does tRNA #2 move to after this bonding of lysine to the polypeptide?
A) A site
B) P site
C) E site
D) exit tunnel
E) directly to the cytosol

E site

Which component of the complex described enters the exit tunnel through the large subunit of
the ribosome?
A) tRNA with attached lysine (#1)
B) tRNA with polypeptide (#2)
C) tRNA that no longer has attached amino acid
D) newly formed polypeptide
E) initiation and elongation factors

newly formed polypeptide

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until
A) the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
B) several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
C) the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
D) the DNA introns are removed from the template.
E) DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.

several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.

Which of the following is not true of a codon?
A) It consists of three nucleotides.
B) It may code for the same amino acid as another codon.
C) It never codes for more than one amino acid.
D) It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.
E) It is the basic unit of the genetic code.

It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
A) complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
B) complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.
C) the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid.
D) changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA.
E) catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?
A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.
C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes.
E) A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the
nucleus.

Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

Which component is not directly involved in translation?
A) mRNA
B) DNA
C) tRNA
D) ribosomes
E) GTP

DNA

Using the following figure, identify a 5' → 3' sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template
strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

A) 5´-UUUGGGAAA-3'
B) 5´-GAACCCCTT-3'
C) 5´-AAAACCTTT-3'
D) 5´-CTTCGGGAA-3'
E) 5´-AAACCCUUU-3'

5´-CTTCGGGAA-3'

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an
organism?
A) a nucleotide-pair substitution
B) a deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene
C) a single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron
D) a single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence
E) a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence

a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence