what makes one element different from another?

The # of protons

what is carbons symbol

C

What is potassiums symbol

K

What is Sodiums symbol

Na

What is sulfurs symbol

S

What is Carbons atomic number

6

What is potassiums atomic number

19

What is sodiums atomic number

11

What is sulfurs atomic number

16

What is a word that contains all the elements essential for life?

CHNOPS

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

to provide energy

What are 4 words that describe or name the carb atom?

Carbohydrate

monomer

monosaccharide

glucose

What is a disaccharide and what are the 3 that we learned?

a dimer

sucrose, lactose, maltose

what is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6 H12 O6

what is starches function?

provides energy

Where is starch found?

plants

What is the function of glycogen?

fuel cells

Where is glycogen found?

muscle tissue

What is the function of cellulose?

structural support

Where is the cellulose found in?

the plant cell wall

What is dehydration in the polymerization process?

gets rid of water

What is hydrolysis in polymerization process?

uses water to breakdown polymers into monomers

what are the monomers of proteins called, how many are there?

monosaccharides,

three

What is the carboxylic group in protein?

OH with one double bonded atom

What is the hydrogen group in a protein?

one hydrogen atom

What is the amino acid in the protein atom?

NH2

What is the side chain of a protein monomer?

a random grouping of atoms represented as "R"

What is the function of an enzyme?

speed up biological reactions

What are two characteristics of enzymes?

they do not get used up

are specific for one reaction

What special type of bond is needed to make long chains of amino acids?

peptide bonds

what is the primary level of a protein structure?

the primary level

sequence of a chain of amino acids

What is the secondary level of a protein structure?

Secondary level

Local folding of the polypeptide chain into helices or sheets

What is the tertiary level of a protein structure?

tertiary structure

three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

What is the fourth level of a protein structure?

Quaternary structure

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

What 4 parts make up a triglyceride?

glycerole

3 fatty acids

What is a saturated lipid?

a single bonded carbon chain

What is un unsaturated lipid?

a double bonded carbon chain

what is the function of phospholipids?

a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults

Where is phospholipids found in?

tissues and membranes in our cells

What is the function of Nucleic Acids?

store and communicate generic information?

What letters represent the 4 Nucleotides of DNA?

A, C, G, T

Which of the 4 Nucleotides has a inner ring?

cystosine

How do hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules?

the small positive-charged hydrogen is attracted to the small negative charge of oxygen.

Where would you find cohesion occurring in nature?

When two water molecules combine

Where would you observe adhesion occur in nature?

a water molecule clinging to the wall of the vessels

Why are temperature differences so small in some areas?

because in tropical locations, they have an ocean that has a moderating effect

What makes water a polar molecule?

there is an unequal share of electrons because there are 2 hydrogen atoms that are slightly negatively charged.

What does it mean that water is a universal solvent?

nutrients and other substances must be dissolved in water to be absorbed by cells and because water is polar and can dissolve other polar molecules

What are examples of monomers (monosaccharides)

glucose, galactose, and fructose

What are examples of a dimer (disaccharides)

sucrose, lactose, maltose

What are examples of polymers (polysaccharides)

starch, glycogen, and cellulose

amino acids join together to make what type of molecule?

protein

What are the two carbohydrate structures?

open chain,

cyclic form

what is the main function of nucleic acids?

store and communicate genetic information (DNA, RNA)

What are the three types of lipids?

neutral fats

sterols or steroids

phospholids

Phospholipids have what two sides?

HYDROphobic

HYDROphilic

What is cohesion?

The attraction of like molecules

What is adhesion?

the attraction of unlike molecules to another