The liquid (extracellular) portion. Usually a little more than half the entire volume of whole blood

Plasma

Most adults have 4 to 6 L of blood, which accounts for about 7-9% of the total body weight. (The amount of blood will go up with heavier people and men)

Normal Volumes of blood

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide though blood

RBC (Erythrocytes)

involved with immunity

WBC (Leukocytes)

Not cells at all. They are fragments of larger cells and promote blood clotting

Platelets

If the pH of blood drops below 7.35

Acidodosis Devolping

Liquid portion of the blood.

*1.5% of the total amount of oxygen and 10% of Carbon dioxide transported in the blood is dissolved in blood plasma

Blood Plasma

Plasma proteins, which make up about 7% of plasma by wight. These proteins include albumins and globulins

Most abundant solutes found in the plasma

Are the most abundant plasma proteins. Help maintain water blalance in the blood by creating an osmotic pressure that pulls water into blood vessels by osmosis

Albumins

Include the antibodies that help protect us from infections

Globulins

Carried in plasma; proteins that are necessary for blood clotting.

Fibrinogen/Prothrombin

Plasma minus its clotting factors

Blood serum

make blood cells for the body

Two kinds of connective tissue:

*Myeloid tissue & Lympthoid tissue

Better known as red bone marrow.

Myeloid tissue

Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

Erythrocyte

Immune defense (phagocytosis)

Neutrophil

Defense against parasites

Eosinophil

Inflammatory response and heparin secretion

Basophil

Antibody production (precursor of plasma cells)

B Lymphocyte

cellular immune response destroys virally infected cells and cancer cells

T lymphocyte

Immune defenses (phagocytosis). Forms all blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes

Monocyte

Blood clotting

Thrombocyte

4.2 to 6.2 million

Numbers of RBCs

5000 to 10,000

Number of WBCs

150,000 to 400,000

Number of platelets

Over production of red blood cells (RBC)

Generally cancerous

Polycythemia

Not enough red blood cells, to low oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Anemia

clot that stays in the circulatory system where it is formed

thrombus

a clot, or portion of a clot that circulates in the blood

Embolus

Abnormally low blood platelet count

Thrombocytopenia

Caused by vitamin b12 deficiency

decreased RBC, WBC, & platelet numbers.

RBCS are macrocytic

low iron

Pernicious anemia

An inherited blood clotting disorder caused by a failure to form necessary clotting factors

hemophilia

Inhibits blood clotting

Heparin

A substance developed in the body in response to stimulation by an antigen

Antibodies

Protein present in blood essential for blood clotting

Fibrinogen

Genetic diseases resulting in formation of abnormal hemoglobin, (HbS); primarily found in Africans Americans

RBCS become fragile and assume sickled shape when blood oxygen levels decrease

Sickle cell anemia

Caused by deficiency of or inability to absorb iron needed for Hb synthesis

RBCS are microcytic and hypochromic

Hematocrit is decreased

Iron deficiency anemia

Caused by decreased RBC life span or increased RBC rate of destruction

Symptoms such as; Jaundice, swelling of spleen, gallstone formation, and tissue iron deposits, are related to retention of RBC breakdown products

Hemolytic Anemias

Group of inherited hemolytic anemias occurring primarily in people of Mediterranean descent

RBCS microcytic and short lived

Hb levels often fall below 7

Thalassemia

Abnormally low WBC count

Leukopenia

Abnormally high WBC count

Frequent finding in bacterial infections

Leukocytosis