Abrasion

a partial-thickness wound caused by the scarping away or rubbing of the skin

arterial ulcer

an open wound on the foot, ankle, or lower leg caused by poor arterial blood flow

chronic wound

a wound that does not heal easily and within about 3 months

circulatory ulcer

an open sore on the lower legs or feet caused by decreased blood flow through the arteries or veins; aka vascular ulcer

diabetic foot ulcer

an open wound on the foot caused by complications from diabetes

excoriation

loss of the epidermis caused by scratching or when skin rubs against skin, clothing, or other material

incision

a cut produced surgically by a sharp instrument; it creates an opening into an organ or body space

laceration

An open wound with torn tissues and jagged edges

penetrating wound

an open wound that breaks the skin and enters a body area, organ, or cavity

puncture wound

an open wound made by a sharp object

purulent drainange

thick green, yellow, or brown drainage

sanguineous drainage

bloody (sanguis) drainage

serosanguineous drainage

thin, watery drainage (zero) that is blood-tinged (sanguineous)

skin tear `

a break or rip in the outer layers of the skin; the epidermis separates from the underlying tissues

venous ulcer

an open sore on the lower legs or feet caused by poor venous blood flow; aka stasis ulcer

wound

a break in the skin or mucous membrane

body prominence

an area where the bone sticks out or projects form the flat surface of the body; pressure point

colonized

the presence of bacteria on the wound surface or in the wound tissue; the person does not have signs and symptoms of an infection

epidermal stripping

removing the epidemic as tape is removed from the skin

eschar

thick, leathery dead tissue that may be loose or adhered to the skin; it is often black or brown

intact skin

normal skin and skin layers without damage or breaks

slough

dead tissue that is shed from the skin; it is usually light colored, soft, and moist; may be stringy at times

development

changes in mental, emotional, and social function

growth

the physical changes that are measured and that occur in a steady, orderly manner

geriatrics

the care of aging people

gerontology

the study of the aging process

elective surgery

surgery done by choice to improve life or well-being

embolus

a blood clot (thrombus) that travels through the vascular system untill it lodges in a blood vessel

regional anesthesia

the loss of sensation, produced by a drug, in a large area

thrombus

blood clot

dorsal recumbent position

the supine position with the legs together; aka horizontal recumbent position

genupectoral position

aka knee-chest position; the person kneels and rests the body on the knees and chest; the head is turned to 1 side, the arms are above the head or flexed at the elbows, the back is straight, and the body is fixed about 90 degrees at the hips

laryngeal mirror

an instrument used to examine the mouth, teeth, and throat

lithotomy position

the patient lies on their back with the hips at the edge of the exam table, knees flexed, and hips externally rotated; feet are in stirrups

nasal speculum

instrument used to examine the nose

ophthalmoscope

a lighted instrumented used to examine the internal eye

otoscope

a lighted instrument used to examine the external ear and the eardrum (tympanic membrane)

tuning fork

an instrumennt used to test hearing

glucosuria

sugar in the urine

hematoma

a swelling that contains bloods

hematuria

blood in the urine

hemoptysis

bloody sputum

ketone

a substance appearing in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy: aka acetone, ketone body

melena

black, tarry stool

sputum

mucus from the respiratory system when expectorated (expelled) through the mouth

apnea

the lack or abscense of breathing

atelectasis

the collapse of a portion of the lung

Biot's respirations

rapid and deep respirations followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea

bradypnea

slow breathing; respirations are fewer than 12 per minute

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow; breathing may stop for 10-12 seconds

dyspnea

difficult, labored, or painful breathing

hypoxemia

a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood

hypoxia

cells do not have enough oxygen

Kussmaul respirations

very deep and rapid respirations

orthopnea

breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting up

orthopedic position

sitting up and leaving over a table to breathe

respiratory depression

slow, weak respirations at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute

tachypnea

rapid breathing; respirations are more than 20 per minute

hemothorax

blood in the speural space

patent

open and unblocked

pleural effusion

the escape and collection of fluid in the pleural space

pneumothorax

air in the pleural space

suction

the process of withdrawing or sucking up fluid

tracheostomy

a surgically created opening in the neck into the trachea