Linkage

Association between genes that are on the same chromosome.

coupling configuration

Arrangement of linked genes in a dihybrid cross where the two dominant genes are on one chromosome and the two recessive are on the other chromosome

repulsion configuration

Arrangement of linked genes where the linked genes in a dihybrid are one dominant and one recessive on one chromosomes, same vice versa.

cis dihybrid

Dihybrid where the alleles are in coupled

trans dihybrid

dihybrid where the alleles are in repulsion

tetrad

The four haploid products of a single meiosis.

octad

ascus with eight ascospores where produced from a tetrad that under went another mitosis.

first division segregation

different alleles go into different nuclei in the first meiotic division, produces M1 segregation in ascus

second division segregation

different alleles go into different nuclei in the second nuclei division, produces M2 segregation in ascus

molecular marker

a site where there is difference in DNA that isn't necessarily associated with difference in phenotype that's used as a tag for a particular chromosome locus

restriction enzyme

An enzyme that will recognize a particular sequences of DNA and target in and cut the DNA at those points.

simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP)

The presence of short respective DNA sequences, in different amounts at a particular locus on homologous chromosomes

haplotype

genetic class describe by DNA sequence that are together on a physical chromosome.

complete dominance

alleles which when combined in heterozygous will display a phenotype undistinguishable from one of the homozygous

haplo-sufficiency

One copy of the normal/ wild type gene is enough to confer to the normal phenotype

haplo-insufficiency

One copy of the normal gene is not enough to give the normal phenotype.

codominance

alleles when combined in heterozygous display phenotypic traits from both homozygotes

incomplete dominance

Alleles when combined in heterozygous will display a phenotype between the two homozygotes

lethal allele

A allele that expression will result in death to the individual, could be recessive or dominant.

pleiotropic mutation

a mutation that affects several phenotype traits

prototroph

wild type strain that can survive on min medium

auxotroph

won't survive on min medium

complementation test

test for determing if mutations are on the same gene or not. diff genes they compliment

Selective medium

Only certain genotypes are able to
grow

Differential medium

Genotypes can be distinguished from
each other (i.e., differentiated) based
on how the organism grows on the
medium