Linkage
Association between genes that are on the same chromosome.
coupling configuration
Arrangement of linked genes in a dihybrid cross where the two dominant genes are on one chromosome and the two recessive are on the other chromosome
repulsion configuration
Arrangement of linked genes where the linked genes in a dihybrid are one dominant and one recessive on one chromosomes, same vice versa.
cis dihybrid
Dihybrid where the alleles are in coupled
trans dihybrid
dihybrid where the alleles are in repulsion
tetrad
The four haploid products of a single meiosis.
octad
ascus with eight ascospores where produced from a tetrad that under went another mitosis.
first division segregation
different alleles go into different nuclei in the first meiotic division, produces M1 segregation in ascus
second division segregation
different alleles go into different nuclei in the second nuclei division, produces M2 segregation in ascus
molecular marker
a site where there is difference in DNA that isn't necessarily associated with difference in phenotype that's used as a tag for a particular chromosome locus
restriction enzyme
An enzyme that will recognize a particular sequences of DNA and target in and cut the DNA at those points.
simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP)
The presence of short respective DNA sequences, in different amounts at a particular locus on homologous chromosomes
haplotype
genetic class describe by DNA sequence that are together on a physical chromosome.
complete dominance
alleles which when combined in heterozygous will display a phenotype undistinguishable from one of the homozygous
haplo-sufficiency
One copy of the normal/ wild type gene is enough to confer to the normal phenotype
haplo-insufficiency
One copy of the normal gene is not enough to give the normal phenotype.
codominance
alleles when combined in heterozygous display phenotypic traits from both homozygotes
incomplete dominance
Alleles when combined in heterozygous will display a phenotype between the two homozygotes
lethal allele
A allele that expression will result in death to the individual, could be recessive or dominant.
pleiotropic mutation
a mutation that affects several phenotype traits
prototroph
wild type strain that can survive on min medium
auxotroph
won't survive on min medium
complementation test
test for determing if mutations are on the same gene or not. diff genes they compliment
Selective medium
Only certain genotypes are able to
grow
Differential medium
Genotypes can be distinguished from
each other (i.e.,
differentiated) based
on how the organism grows on the
medium