The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age

8

The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as

Paget disease.

"Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me," says another nurse. "Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?" Your best response is

"No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone."

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

intervertebral joint fusion.

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is

positive antinuclear antibodies.

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

polyarthritis.

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be

systemic manifestations of inflammation.

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called

malunion

Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by

inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to

inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

immune injury to basement membranes.

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to

soft-tissue damage.

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

an autoimmune process.

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain.

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.

It is true that epidural bleeding is

characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury.

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

genetically transmitted.

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

Absence

________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.

Nystagmus

The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.

threshold

Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with

basilar skull fracture.

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is

cerebral vasodilation.

________ edema occurs when ischemic tissue swells because of cellular energy failure.

Cytotoxic

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include

left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.

The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is

intracranial hemorrhage.

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to

cerebral vasospasm.

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.

3

The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will

decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord.

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

Guillain-Barré syndrome.

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

broken and protruding through the skin.

The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the

lower spine.